Table 1.
Characteristics of study population, CHAMACOS study, Salinas Valley, CA, 1999–2000 (n = 442)
| Characteristics | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Maternal age (years) | |
| <20 | 40 (9.1) |
| 20–24 | 163 (36.9) |
| 25–29 | 144 (32.6) |
| 30–34 | 66 (14.9) |
| ≥35 | 29 (6.6) |
| Parity | |
| 0 | 139 (31.5) |
| ≥1 | 303 (68.6) |
| Race/ethnicity | |
| Latina | 426 (96.4) |
| Non-Latina, white | 7 (1.6) |
| Other | 9 (2.0) |
| Marital status | |
| Married or living as married | 356 (80.5) |
| Unmarried | 86 (19.5) |
| Maternal education | |
| ≤6th grade | 188 (42.5) |
| Some high school | 158 (35.8) |
| High school graduate | 96 (21.7) |
| Family income | |
| ≤ Poverty | 272 (61.5) |
| Poverty–200% | 154 (34.8) |
| >200% | 16 (3.6) |
| Country of birth | |
| United States | 59 (13.4) |
| Mexico | 374 (84.6) |
| Other | 9 (2.0) |
| Years of residence in the United States | |
| ≤5 years | 230 (52.0) |
| 6–10 years | 99 (22.4) |
| ≥11 years | 63 (14.3) |
| Entire life | 50 (11.3) |
| Work status during pregnancy | |
| Did not work | 172 (38.9) |
| Some field or agricultural work | 181 (41.0) |
| Other work | 89 (20.1) |
| Prepregnancy body mass index (kg/m2) | |
| Underweight (<18.5) | 2 (0.5) |
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 170 (38.5) |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 175 (39.6) |
| Obese (>30) | 95 (21.5) |
| Smoked during pregnancy | |
| Yes | 26 (5.9) |
| No | 416 (94.1) |
| Any moves during pregnancy | |
| Yes | 182 (41.2) |
| No | 260 (58.8) |
| Low birth weighta infant | |
| Yes | 17 (3.9) |
| No | 425 (96.2) |
| Pretermb infant | |
| Yes | 30 (6.8) |
| No | 412 (93.2) |
| aLow birth weight is defined as <2,500g.bPreterm birth is defined as <37 weeks gestation. | |