Table 2.
Blood lead concentration in relation to walking speed.
| Quintile range (μg/dL) | Total [n (%)] | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean change in walking speed (ft/sec) (95% CI) | p-Value | Mean change in walking speed (ft/sec) (95% CI) | p-Value | Mean change in walking speed (ft/sec) (95% CI) | p-Value | Mean change in walking speed (ft/sec) (95% CI) | p-Value | ||
| Women | |||||||||
| 0.2 to ≤ 1.2 | 413 (23.0) | 0 (reference) | — | 0 (reference) | — | 0 (reference) | — | 0 (reference) | — |
| 1.3 to ≤ 1.6 | 348 (19.4) | –0.024 (–0.115, 0.066) | 0.59 | –0.021 (–0.113, 0.072) | 0.65 | –0.026 (–0.116, 0.063) | 0.55 | –0.024 (–0.112, 0.064) | 0.58 |
| 1.7 to ≤ 2.1 | 341 (19.0) | –0.022 (–0.123, 0.080) | 0.67 | –0.018 (–0.108, 0.071) | 0.68 | –0.028 (–0.132, 0.077) | 0.59 | –0.027 (–0.118, 0.063) | 0.54 |
| 2.2 to ≤ 2.9 | 356 (19.8) | –0.067 (–0.158, 0.024) | 0.14 | –0.097 (–0.184, 0.009) | 0.03 | –0.075 (–0.165, 0.015) | 0.10 | –0.104 (–0.187, –0.021) | 0.02 |
| 3.0 to ≤ 53.0 | 340 (18.9) | –0.112 (–0.795, –0.029) | 0.01 | –0.117 (–0.191, 0.043) | 0.01 | –0.101 (–0.187, –0.015) | 0.02 | –0.114 (–0.191, –0.038) | 0.01 |
| Trend | 1,798 | — | 0.006 | — | 0.002 | — | 0.015 | — | 0.005 |
| Men | |||||||||
| 0.2 to ≤ 1.7 | 399 (22.2) | 0 (reference) | — | — | — | 0 (reference) | — | 0 (reference) | — |
| 1.8 to ≤ 2.3 | 364 (20.3) | 0.056 (–0.043, 0.156) | 0.25 | 0.061 (–0.047, 0.172) | 0.27 | 0.036 (–0.062, 0.135) | 0.46 | 0.057 (–0.050, 0.165) | 0.29 |
| 2.4 to ≤ 3.0 | 342 (19.1) | 0.054 (–0.039, 0.146) | 0.24 | 0.020 (–0.075, 0.116) | 0.67 | 0.042 (–0.051, 0.134) | 0.36 | 0.017 (–0.073, 0.107) | 0.71 |
| 3.1 to ≤ 4.3 | 354 (19.7) | 0.053 (–0.035, 0.142) | 0.23 | 0.065 (–0.032, 0.162) | 0.18 | 0.057 (–0.036, 0.150) | 0.22 | 0.082 (–0.012, 0.175) | 0.08 |
| 4.4 to ≤ 54.0 | 336 (18.7) | –0.077 (–0.177, 0.024) | 0.13 | –0.047 (–0.162, 0.073) | 0.43 | –0.066 (–0.173, 0.041) | 0.22 | –0.029 (–0.154, 0.097) | 0.64 |
| Trend | 1,795 | — | 0.03 | — | 0.34 | — | 0.10 | — | 0.60 |
| Model 1: adjusted for demographic (age, education, ethnicity) and anthropometric variables (height and waist circumference). Model 2: model 1 covariates plus lifestyle variables (alcohol, smoking, physical activity). Model 3: model 1 covariates plus medical comorbidities and biomarkers (arthritis, diabetes, heart condition, hypertension, homocysteine, and C-reactive protein). Model 4: fully adjusted model. | |||||||||