Table 5.
Factors associated with poor school attendance in cases.
| Variable | OR | 95%CI | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate associations | |||
| Sex (male) | 1.8 | 0.8–3.8 | 0.130 |
| Age at assessment (years) | 1.1 | 0.5–2.4 | 0.793 |
| Ethnic group (not Chagga) | 1.1 | 0.4–2.6 | 0.901 |
| Parents resident at home | |||
| Both | 1.0 | – | – |
| One | 1.2 | 0.5–3.0 | 0.677 |
| None | 2.0 | 0.6–6.6 | 0.247 |
| Education of head of house (none/primary only) | 3.1 | 0.8–12.3 | 0.111 |
| Age at onset (3 years or less) | 2.3 | 1.1–5.1 | 0.033 |
| Co-morbidity | |||
| None | 1.0 | – | – |
| One | 1.1 | 0.3–3.7 | 0.978 |
| Multiple | 6.7 | 2.1–21.3 | 0.001 |
| Recurrent seizures (present) | 4.4 | 1.9–10.0 | 0.001 |
| Structural | 2.4 | 1.1–5.4 | 0.029 |
| Motor difficulties | 4.0 | 1.5–10.5 | 0.004 |
| Behaviour disorder | 1.0 | 1.0–1.1 | 0.110 |
| Hearing or visual difficulties | 1.8 | 0.5–6.6 | 0.362 |
| Cognitive impairment | 26.4 | 5.8–120.7 | <0.001 |
| Multivariable logistic regression model | |||
| Sex (male) | 2.1 | 0.9–5.1 | 0.104 |
| Education of head of house (none/primary only) | 3.0 | 0.7–14.1 | 0.158 |
| Co-morbidity | |||
| None | 1.0 | – | – |
| One | 1.5 | 0.4–6.0 | 0.595 |
| Multiple | 10.2 | 2.8–37 | <0.001 |
| Multivariable logistic regression model using individual co-morbidity typesa | |||
| Sex (male) | 1.5 | 0.6–3.4 | 0.393 |
| Education of head of house (none/primary only) | 7.2 | 1.4–38 | 0.020 |
| Motor difficulties | 7.1 | 2.1–23.5 | 0.001 |
| Behaviour disorder | 1.0 | 1.0–1.03 | 0.095 |
| Hearing or visual difficulties | 1.8 | 0.4–7.2 | 0.425 |
a
In this analysis, binary variables for each of motor difficulty, behaviour disorder and hearing/visual difficulty were inserted in the model to see their individual associations with poor school attendance.