Table 2.

Frequency of Risk Factors Identified among Patients with Ocular Surface Disease-Associated Fungal Keratitis^* (n = 209)

Risk Factor	N (%)
Chronic keratitis†	18 (8.6)
Corneal exposure	14 (6.7)
Postsurgical
Penetrating keratoplasty‡	65 (31.1)
Other ocular surgery§	22 (10.5)
Chronic topical steroid use	28 (13.3)
Chronic topical antibiotic use	17 (8.1)
Therapeutic contact lens	20 (9.6)
High refractive error contact lenses	4 (1.9)
Diabetes	9 (4.3)
Systemic disease affecting immune status∥	20 (9.6)
Miscellaneous conditions¶	7 (3.3)

Note: Percents do not add to 100% because 137 of 209 cases had >1 risk factor.

^*Epithelial defect, Sjögren’s syndrome, rosacea, dry eye disease, Fuchs’ dystrophy, Salzmann’s nodular degeneration, ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, thyroid eye disease, and neurotrophic cornea.

^†A total of 7 of 18 cases were associated with herpes simplex virus.

^‡Two additional cases of penetrating keratoplasty occurred among all fungal cases, but were attributed to cases in the ocular trauma group.

^§Other ocular surgeries included LASIK (9), photorefractive keratectomy (2), cataract surgery (4), various anterior segment procedures (6), and pars plana vitrectomy (1).

^∥Cancer or chemotherapy (6), posttransplant immunosuppression (2), autoimmune disease (3), human immunodeficiency virus (2), and unspecified disease affecting immune competence (7).

^¶Body surface burns (2), substance abuse (4), and meningitis (1).