Table 4.

Previous treatments and physician’s recommendations for additional treatment

	All	Females	Males	P-value
	N=1655	N=452	N=1203
Other treatment modalities applicants tried for medical conditions
Current prescription medication	47.6%	57.1%	44.2%	0.000
1–2 prescriptions	36.7%	36.1%	37.0%	0.727
3–5 prescriptions	4.4%	9.1%	2.7%	0.000
6+ prescriptions	6.5%	11.9%	4.5%	0.000
Previous prescription medication	79.5%	86.5%	76.8%	0.000
Past or current RX for opioids for pain	48.0%	52.3%	46.4%	0.040
Physical therapy	48.6%	54.4%	46.5%	0.004
Chiropractic	37.2%	42.3%	35.2%	0.009
Surgery	21.9%	22.3%	21.8%	0.804
Psychological counseling	20.7%	33.4%	16.0%	0.000
Acupuncture	19.6%	26.8%	16.9%	0.000
Therapeutic injection	15.0%	21.5%	12.6%	0.000
Other types of treatment	8.6%	11.1%	7.7%	0.032
Referrals for further evaluation and treatment
Primary care provider	22.4%	22.6%	22.3%	0.900
Medical specialist	16.2%	16.2%	16.2%	0.977
Physical therapy	8.2%	7.1%	8.6%	0.327
Chiropractor	6.5%	3.8%	7.5%	0.006
Psychological counseling	5.6%	7.1%	5.0%	0.098
Acupuncture	1.8%	2.2%	1.6%	0.382
Homeopathy	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.815
Biofeedback	0.1%	0.0%	0.1%	0.540