TABLE 1—
Relationship of Selected Characteristics of the Lifetime Nonsmoking US Adult Population With Inflation-Adjusted Cigarette Excise Tax, Per Capita Cigarette Sales, and SHS Exposure: NHANES 1999–2004
| Inflation-Adjusted Cigarette Excise Tax, % (SE)a |
Cigarette Sales (Packs/Person/Mo), % (SE)b |
|||||||
| Characteristic | Unweighted No (Weighted %) | < $0.15 | $0.15– < $0.25 | ≥ $0.25 | < 10.5 | 10.5– < 12 | ≥ 12 | SHS Exposure, % (SE)c |
| All | 3137 (100.0) | 31.1 (5.3) | 38.9 (6.2) | 30.0 (5.9) | 30.0 (5.4) | 34.1 (6.5) | 35.9 (4.8) | 40.5 (2.3) |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male | 1090 (36.9) | 27.1 (5.4) | 43.2 (6.7) | 29.6 (6.1) | 33.1 (5.7) | 34.1 (6.7) | 32.9 (5.1) | 46.4 (3.1) |
| Female | 2047 (63.1) | 33.4 (5.4) | 36.3 (6.0) | 30.3 (5.9) | 28.2 (5.2) | 34.2 (6.5) | 37.6 (4.8) | 37.0 (2.2) |
| P | .004 | .024 | < .001 | |||||
| Age group, y | ||||||||
| 20–49 | 2003 (69.7) | 30.8 (5.5) | 38.5 (6.5) | 30.7 (5.7) | 29.6 (5.4) | 34.7 (6.6) | 35.7 (4.9) | 43.9 (2.5) |
| 50–85 | 1134 (30.3) | 31.6 (5.4) | 39.7 (5.9) | 28.6 (6.4) | 30.9 (5.9) | 32.8 (6.8) | 36.3 (5.2) | 32.6 (2.5) |
| P | .692 | .798 | < .001 | |||||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1858 (79.2) | 30.8 (5.9) | 38.4 (6.8) | 30.8 (6.8) | 30.3 (6.1) | 34.0 (7.4) | 35.7 (5.2) | 36.2 (2.6) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 718 (12.4) | 40.6 (7.0) | 37.3 (7.3) | 22.0 (4.0) | 15.7 (3.5) | 31.4 (5.2) | 52.9 (6.9) | 65.7 (2.8) |
| Hispanic | 522 (6.9) | 18.6 (9.4) | 42.1 (8.5) | 39.3 (8.6) | 51.0 (8.2) | 44.0 (8.9) | 5.0 (2.6) | 41.1 (4.1) |
| Other | 39 (1.5) | 23.1 (8.5) | 62.5 (11.0) | 14.4 (7.4) | 34.8 (11.1) | 19.2 (8.2) | 46.0 (12.1) | 51.3 (10.3) |
| P | .186 | < .001 | < .001 | |||||
| Educational attainmentd | ||||||||
| < high school graduate | 513 (9.8) | 35.7 (6.4) | 37.8 (37.8) | 26.5 (5.2) | 25.3 (5.4) | 29.5 (5.3) | 45.2 (5.2) | 58.4 (3.6) |
| High school/equivalente | 725 (22.7) | 36.0 (5.6) | 36.2 (6.5) | 27.8 (6.2) | 24.1 (4.8) | 36.2 (6.7) | 39.7 (4.6) | 50.7 (3.0) |
| ≥ some college | 1898 (67.5) | 28.7 (5.6) | 39.9 (6.4) | 31.3 (6.1) | 32.7 (5.8) | 34.1 (6.8) | 33.2 (5.3) | 34.4 (2.6) |
| P | .151 | < .001 | < .001 | |||||
Note. NHANES = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; SHS = secondhand smoke. All estimates are weighted data, except the number of study participants, which is reported as unweighted. The sample size was n = 3137.
A mean tax excise value was computed for each state for the period 1970–1998, with values adjusted for inflation.
A mean value per capita cigarette sales for each state was computed using sales data for the period 1983–1998.
SHS exposure was determined by gender- and race-specific thresholds of serum cotinine above the laboratory detection limit for 1999–2000 NHANES of 0.05 ng/mL.
Education status was not recorded for 1 individual.
Includes high school graduates, participants who passed the general educational development test, or equivalent.