Table 1.

ICD-10 codes for disease groups, lead and lag times, and relative risks for association between air pollution and incidence and mortality. All relative risks are per μg/m³ increase in yearly average ambient species concentration.

Chemical species disease	ICD-10 codes	Lead time	Lag time	Relative risk
				Male	Female
PM2.5, NO3, SO4
Coronary heart disease	I20–25	1	5	1.0105	1.021
Stroke and cerebrovascular disease mortality	I60–69	1	5	1.0175	1.035
Lung cancer	C33-34	10	15	1.014	1.014
COPD	J41–44	10	15	1.014	1.014
Other cause mortality		0	0	1.003	1.003
NO2
Coronary heart disease	I20–25	1	5	1.0∗	1.0∗
Stroke and cerebrovascular disease mortality	I60–69	1	5	1.0∗	1.0∗
Lung cancer	C33-34	10	15	1.008	1.008
COPD	J41–44	10	15	1.005	1.005
Other causes of mortality		0	0	1.0∗	1.0∗

Sources: lead and lag times: Baan et al. [26]. Relative risks: Abbey et al. [16], Pope et al. [15], Chen et al. [25], Miller et al. [17], and Bønløkke [2].

*: no effect included in the model.