Table 2.
Results of Mantel and partial Mantel tests correlating genetic distance with environmental distances
| Geographical distance | Connectivity | Spawning temperature | Spawning salinity | April temperature | April salinity | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| r | P | r | P | r | P | r | P | r | P | r | P | |||
| 60 loci | Mantel | All pops | 0.317 | 0.040 | 0.413 | 0.004 | −0.102 | 0.738 | 0.272 | 0.145 | 0.254 | 0.087 | 0.280 | 0.139 |
| Excl. DE-RUGEN | 0.431 | 0.005 | 0.386 | 0.010 | −0.174 | 0.885 | 0.501 | 0.003 | 0.510 | 0.002 | 0.504 | 0.002 | ||
| Partial - distance | All pops | NA | NA | 0.289 | 0.055 | −0.091 | 0.702 | 0.080 | 0.289 | 0.094 | 0.235 | 0.094 | 0.285 | |
| Excl. DE-RUGEN | NA | NA | 0.033 | 0.412 | −0.135 | 0.806 | 0.300 | 0.074 | 0.348 | 0.021 | 0.306 | 0.062 | ||
| Partial - connectivity | All pops | −0.082 | 0.666 | NA | NA | −0.086 | 0.690 | 0.029 | 0.369 | −0.015 | 0.421 | 0.040 | 0.353 | |
| Excl. DE-RUGEN | 0.211 | 0.126 | NA | NA | −0.138 | 0.818 | 0.348 | 0.038 | 0.366 | 0.009 | 0.353 | 0.038 | ||
| Partial - spawning salinity | All pops | NA | NA | NA | NA | −0.066 | 0.624 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Excl. DE-RUGEN | NA | NA | NA | NA | −0.103 | 0.749 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| Partial - spawning temperature | All pops | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.261 | 0.149 | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Excl. DE-RUGEN | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.486 | 0.007 | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| Partial - April temperature | All pops | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.178 | 0.187 | |
| Excl. DE-RUGEN | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.316 | 0.08 | ||
| Partial - April salinity | All pops | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.13 | 0.166 | NA | NA | |
| Excl. DE-RUGEN | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.326 | 0.019 | NA | NA | ||
| 59 loci | Mantel | All pops | 0.324 | 0.025 | 0.381 | 0.004 | −0.122 | 0.788 | 0.330 | 0.061 | 0.288 | 0.051 | 0.337 | 0.063 |
| Excl. DE-RUGEN | 0.368 | 0.020 | 0.342 | 0.026 | −0.140 | 0.817 | 0.461 | 0.015 | 0.428 | 0.007 | 0.464 | 0.013 | ||
| Partial - distance | All pops | NA | NA | 0.212 | 0.113 | −0.112 | 0.763 | 0.158 | 0.223 | 0.134 | 0.233 | 0.170 | 0.212 | |
| Excl. DE-RUGEN | NA | NA | 0.381 | 0.054 | −0.102 | 0.731 | 0.301 | 0.716 | 0.278 | 0.080 | 0.307 | 0.079 | ||
| Partial - connectivity | All pops | −0.009 | 0.516 | NA | NA | −0.109 | 0.755 | 0.134 | 0.254 | 0.063 | 0.316 | 0.144 | 0.258 | |
| Excl. DE-RUGEN | 0.154 | 0.212 | NA | NA | −0.104 | 0.743 | 0.329 | 0.056 | 0.283 | 0.073 | 0.334 | 0.053 | ||
| Partial - spawning salinity | All pops | NA | NA | NA | NA | −0.079 | 0.682 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Excl. DE-RUGEN | NA | NA | NA | NA | −0.07 | 0.656 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| Partial - spawning temperature | All pops | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.318 | 0.071 | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Excl. DE-RUGEN | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.448 | 0.02 | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| Partial - April temperature | All pops | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.228 | 0.143 | |
| Excl. DE-RUGEN | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.306 | 0.089 | ||
| Partial - April salinity | All pops | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.138 | 0.221 | NA | NA | |
| Excl. DE-RUGEN | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.237 | 0.100 | NA | NA | ||
| Her14 | Mantel | All pops | 0.258 | 0.095 | 0.399 | 0.007 | −0.044 | 0.530 | 0.157 | 0.134 | 0.168 | 0.175 | 0.165 | 0.132 |
| Excl. DE-RUGEN | 0.628 | 0.003 | 0.657 | 0.002 | −0.148 | 0.860 | 0.903 | 0.001 | 0.637 | 0.003 | 0.905 | 0.001 | ||
| Partial - distance | All pops | NA | NA | 0.359 | 0.035 | −0.032 | 0.483 | −0.028 | 0.437 | 0.027 | 0.269 | −0.015 | 0.397 | |
| Excl. DE-RUGEN | NA | NA | 0.295 | 0.061 | −0.091 | 0.685 | 0.837 | 0.002 | 0.418 | 0.036 | 0.840 | 0.004 | ||
| Partial - connectivity | All pops | −0.182 | 0.822 | NA | NA | −0.023 | 0.439 | −0.117 | 0.780 | −0.124 | 0.860 | −0.108 | 0.711 | |
| Excl. DE-RUGEN | 0.164 | 0.184 | NA | NA | −0.088 | 0.670 | 0.821 | 0.005 | 0.346 | 0.077 | 0.825 | 0.005 | ||
| Partial - spawning salinity | All pops | NA | NA | NA | NA | −0.021 | 0.419 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Excl. DE-RUGEN | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.016 | 0.380 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| Partial - spawning temperature | All pops | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.152 | 0.133 | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Excl. DE-RUGEN | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.9 | 0.001 | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| Partial - April temperature | All pops | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.091 | 0.14 | |
| Excl. DE-RUGEN | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.864 | 0.006 | ||
| Partial - April salinity | All pops | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.097 | 0.107 | NA | NA | |
| Excl. DE-RUGEN | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.412 | 0.034 | NA | NA | ||
The Mantel statistic r and associated probability value P are shown for Mantel tests correlating population pair-wise FST of three datasets (60 loci, 59 loci, Her14) with the shortest geographical distance by sea (Geographical distance), oceanic connectivity (Connectivity), Spawning-time temperature and salinity, and April temperature and salinity. In addition, results of partial Mantel tests are shown, controlling for geographical distance by sea or oceanic connectivity, as well as controlling temperature results for salinity, and controlling salinity results for temperature, for both spawning-time and April estimates. Probability values below 0.05 are shown in bold