Table I.
Characteristics of GN located in the head and neck region reported in the English-language literature over the past 10 years.
| Characteristics | No. of cases | % |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||
| Female | 16 | 61.5 |
| Male | 9 | 34.6 |
| Location | ||
| Parapharyngeal space | 6 | 23.1 |
| Retropharyngeal space | 3 | 11.5 |
| Spine | 2 | 7.7 |
| Mandible | 1 | 3.8 |
| Superior orbit | 1 | 3.8 |
| Internal auditory canal | 1 | 3.8 |
| Other | 13 | 50.0 |
| Form | ||
| Solitary | 23 | 88.5 |
| Multiple | 3 | 11.5 |
| Unilateral mass | 23 | 88.5 |
| Bilateral mass | 3 | 11.5 |
| Symptoms | ||
| Asymptomatic mass | 15 | 57.7 |
| Dysphagia snoring | 5 | 19.2 |
| Pain | 2 | 7.7 |
| Proptosis of the right eye | 2 | 7.7 |
| Spinal cord compression symptoms | 2 | 7.7 |
| Hearing loss | 1 | 3.8 |
| Mandibular asymmetry | 1 | 3.8 |
| VMA/HVA abnormality | 0/5 | 0.0 |
| Treatment | ||
| Complete excision | 23 | 88.5 |
| Partial excision | 3 | 11.5 |
| Postoperative Horner’s syndrome | 10 | 38.5 |
| Recurrence | 1 | 3.8 |
GN, ganglioneuroma. VMA, vanillylmandelic acid; HVA, homovanillic acid.