Table 1.
Base-line characteristics of the 475 subjects and results of serum testing
| |
Number [anti-Eno (%) positive; anti-Fba1(%) positive] |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
|
Control group |
|||
|
Characteristic |
Patients with candidemia |
Patients with candida colonization |
Patients with bacteremia |
Patients with IAa |
Healthy subjects |
| n = 101 | n = 50 | n = 84 | n = 40 | n = 200 | |
| Demographic factors |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sex |
|
|
|
|
|
| Male |
63 (73.0, 82.5)f |
41 (7.3; 7.3) |
52 (3.8,19.2) |
33 (6.1; 0) |
117 (2.6; 5.1) |
| Female |
38 (71.1, 94.7) |
9 (22.2; 22.2) |
32 (6.3; 9.4) |
7 (14.3; 14.3) |
83 (1.2; 2.4) |
| Age (years, mean ± SD) |
52.3 ± 19.6 |
76.12 ± 14.89 |
51.9 ± 14.2 |
57.6 ± 15.8 |
59.1 ± 12.4 |
| ≤65 years |
71 (69.0, 87.3)g |
9 (22.2; 44.4) |
48 (6.3; 14.6) |
28 (3.6; 0) |
108 (1.9; 4.6) |
| >65 years |
30 (80.0, 86.7) |
41 (7.3; 2.4) |
36 (2.8; 16.7) |
12 (16.7; 8.3) |
92 (2.2; 3.3) |
| Primary condition |
|
|
|
|
|
| Hematological malignancy |
10 (60.0; 80.0) |
3 (33.3; 33.3) |
6 (33.3; 33.3) |
1 (0; 0) |
0 |
| Leukemia |
5 (40.0; 80.0) |
1 (0; 0) |
3 (33.3; 33.3) |
|
|
| Lymphoma |
3 (100.0; 66.7) |
1 (100.0; 100.0) |
2 (50.0; 50.0) |
|
|
| Myelodysplasia |
1 (0; 100.0) |
1 (0; 0) |
1 (0; 0) |
|
|
| Multiple myeloma |
1 (100.0; 100.0) |
0 (0; 0) |
0 (0; 0) |
1 (0; 0) |
|
| Solid tumor |
11 (45.5; 81.8) |
7 (14.3; 28.6) |
10 (0; 30.0) |
0 |
0 |
| Bronchopulmonary neoplasm |
2 (50.0; 50.0) |
1 (0; 0) |
4 (0; 50.0) |
|
|
| Pancreas/colon adenocarcinoma |
7 (71.4; 85.7) |
6 (16.7; 33.3) |
5 (0; 20) |
|
|
| Bladder neoplasm |
2 (50.0; 100.0) |
0 (0; 0) |
1 (0; 0) |
|
|
| Nonmalignant diseases |
80 (77.5; 88.8) |
40 (7.5; 5.0) |
68 (2.9; 11.8) |
39 (7.7; 2.6) |
0 |
| Respiratory dysfunctionb |
5 (80.0; 60.0) |
18 (11.1; 5.6) |
3 (33.3; 33.3) |
21 (4.8; 4.8) |
|
| Gastrointestinal pathologyc |
65 (75.4; 92.3) |
4 (25.0; 25.0) |
60 (1.7; 11.7) |
2 (100.0; 0) |
|
| Othersd |
10 (90.0; 80.0) |
18 (0; 0) |
5 (0; 0) |
16 (0; 0) |
|
| Risk factors |
|
|
|
|
|
| Iatrogenic predisposing factors |
|
|
|
|
|
| Broad spectrum antibiotics |
68 (76.5; 86.8)h |
44 (4.5; 2.3) |
64 (4.7; 9.4) |
20 (5.0; 5.0) |
0 |
| Glucocorticoids therapy |
57 (87.7; 91.2) |
40 (2.5; 2.5) |
46 (2.2; 2.2) |
0 (0; 0) |
0 |
| Central venous catheters |
36 (72.2; 88.9) |
28 (0; 0) |
27 (0; 0) |
9 (0; 0) |
0 |
| Parenteral nutrition |
56 (82.1; 92.9) |
15 (0; 0) |
49 (0; 0) |
3 (66.7; 0) |
0 |
| Other risk factors |
|
|
|
|
|
| Intensive care unit stay |
26 (80.8; 92.3)i |
12 (8.3; 16.7) |
18 (5.6; 11.1) |
12 (16.7; 0) |
0 |
| Neutropeniae |
11 (36.4; 45.5) |
2 (0; 50.0) |
3 (0; 33.3) |
0 (0; 0) |
0 |
| Acute renal failure |
2 (50.0; 50.0) |
2 (50.0; 0) |
1 (100.0; 0) |
0 (0; 0) |
0 |
| Outcome of hospital stay |
|
|
|
|
|
| Death |
36 (63.9; 88.9)j |
8 (37.5; 50.0) |
10 (20.0; 50.0) |
12 (8.3; 8.3)1,1 |
nk |
| Discharge | 65 (76.9; 86.2) | 42 (4.8; 2.4) | 74 (2.7; 10.8) | 28 (7.1; 0) | nk |
a Patients with proven and probable IA.
bIncludes the following diseases: pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and acute respiratory distress syndrome.
c Includes the following diseases: cholecystitis, angiocholitis, pancreatitis, peritonitis, and hepatitis.
d Includes the following diseases: multiple trauma, acute renal insufficiency, and diabetes mellitus.
e Neutropenia was defined as an absolute neutrophil count below 500 cells/mm3.
f,g,h,I,j No significant difference was found in patients with candidemia associated with age, sex, predisposing factors for IC and clinical outcomes (P > 0.05).
k Not applicable.