Table 1. Vector targeting strategies.

Vector	Integrate	Transduction efficiency for PSCs	Advantages	Obstacles
Adenovirus	no	low	Transduce dividing and non-diving cells	Transient gene expression; post-transduction silencing
Retrovirus	yes	high	Stable transduction of dividing cells	Post-transduction silencing; random chromosome integration/ oncogene activation
Lentivirus	yes	high	Transduce dividing and non-diving cells; stable transgene expression	Random chromosome integration/ oncogene activation
Adeno-associated virus	yes	low	Stable transduction, integrate in specific site	Accommodates a small amount of foreign DNA
Epstein Barr virus	no	high	Large cloning capacity (≤ 330 kb)	Transient gene expression
Herpes simplex virus	no	high	Large cloning capacity (≤ 20 kb); neuron specificity	Transient gene expression
Baculovirus	no	high	Large cloning capacity (≤ 30 kb)	Transient gene expression
Non-viral plasmid	yes	low	Stable transfection	Random chromosome integration; membrane damage