Table 2.
Extra-adrenal and extra-adrenal steroidogenesis in humans.
| Tissue | CYP Enzymes | Other Steroidogenic proteins | Major Products from cholesterol | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brain | 11A1, 17A1, 11B1, 11B2, 2D6 (21-hydroxylase) | StAR, 3βHSD, sulfotransferase, 5α-reductase 3αHSD | pregnenolone sulfate, DHEA-S, corticosteroids | [23, 36, 38] |
| Gut | 11A1, 17A1, 21A2, 11B1 | 3βHSD | cortisol | [36, 49] |
| Heart | 11A1, 21A2, 11B1,11B2 | StAR, 3βHSD | aldosterone | [36] |
| Mammary Gland | 11A1, 19A1 | Unknown | [36, 48] | |
| Prostate (including tumors) | 11A1, 17A1 | StAR, MLN64, 3βHSD, 17βHSD, 11βHSD, 5α-reductase, cytochrome b5 | progesterone, androgens | [41–47]. |
| Skin | 11A1, 17A1, 21A2, 11B1, 19A1 | StAR, MLN64, adrenodoxin, adrenodoxin reductase, 3βHSD1, 17βHSD, 11βHSD | glucocorticoids, androgens, estrogens | [65, 69, 73, 151, 255] Also see Sections 2.3 and 2.4. |
| Thymus* (mouse) | 11A1, 11B1, 21A2 | StAR, 3βHSD | corticosterone | [36, 39] |
*
Steroidogenesis in thymus is for mouse species.