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Transactional model of maternal depressive symptoms (MD) and child externalizing behavior (EXT) at ages 7 (T1), 15 (T2), and 33 months (T3). Lagged effects estimated stabilities across assessments (A’s). Cross-lagged effects estimated prediction of EXT by MD (B’s and D) and prediction of MD by EXT (C). Covariances (E’s) accounted for shared variance from same assessment times. Covariances between T1 and T3 MD and between T2 and T3 EXT are not shown.
