Transactional model of maternal depressive symptoms (MD) and externalizing behavior (EXT) accounting for family socioeconomic status (SES) and child gender (not shown). Well-regulated infants’ standardized estimates precede parentheses (n = 127), and poorly-regulated infants’ estimates are within parentheses (n = 127). Covariances, residuals, and nonsignificant paths not shown. Regression coefficients that differ by group are in bold. χ2(25) = 17.76, p = .853. RMSEA = .00 [.00, .04]. CFI = 1.00.
*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.