Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population
| Vertebral fracture | Nonvertebral fracture | Control | P valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 30 | 73 | 120 | |
| Age (yr) | 69 ± 1 | 68 ± 1 | 68 ± 1 | 0.87 |
| Race (%) | ||||
| Caucasian | 86 | 85 | 82 | 0.86 |
| African-American | 4 | 7 | 9 | |
| Other | 10 | 8 | 9 | |
| Ethnicity (%) | ||||
| Hispanic | 28 | 16 | 18 | 0.39 |
| Non-Hispanic | 72 | 84 | 83 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27 ± 1 | 28 ± 1 | 27 ± 1 | 0.75 |
| Years since menopause | 18 ± 2 | 21 ± 1 | 19 ± 1 | 0.44 |
| Family history of osteoporosis by BMD (%) | 54 | 50 | 43 | 0.51 |
| Family history of fracture (%) | 27 | 45 | 35 | 0.20 |
| Tobacco use (%) | ||||
| Never | 55 | 47 | 45 | |
| Former | 41 | 47 | 53 | |
| Current | 4 | 6 | 2 | |
| Alcohol use (beverages per day) | 0 ± 0 | 1 ± 0 | 1 ± 0 | 0.16 |
| Medication use | ||||
| Calcium supplements—total daily dose (mg) | 730 ± 136 | 550 ± 60 | 612 ± 55 | 0.41 |
| Vitamin D supplements—total daily dose (IU) | 1264 ± 405 | 601 ± 96 | 973 ± 165 | 0.11 |
| Hormone replacement therapy (%) | ||||
| Past | 41 | 41 | 37 | 0.88 |
| Current | 15 | 10 | 15 | 0.76 |
| Bisphosphonates (%)b | ||||
| Past | 7 | 7 | 5 | 0.82 |
| Current | 10 | 4 | 3 | 0.28 |
| Raloxifene (%) | 11 | 7 | 4 | 0.34 |
| T4 (%) | 18 | 13 | 24 | 0.19 |
| SSRI (%) | 11 | 27 | 14 | 0.06 |
| Inhaled glucocorticoids (%) | 0 | 7 | 2 | 0.09 |
Data are expressed as mean ± sem unless otherwise specified.
a
P values refer to comparisons between all three groups.
b
Prior bisphosphonate use limited to less than 1 yr.