Table 5.
Multivariable-adjusted* predictors of use of opioid pain medications after primary total knee arthroplasty
| Multivariable-adjusted* analysis, 2-year follow-up | Multivariable-adjusted* analysis, 5-year follow-up | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio | (95% CI) | P-value | Odds ratio | (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Male gender (reference female) | 0.54 | (0.32, 0.92) | 0.02a | 0.39 | (0.18, 0.84) | 0.02a |
| Age (reference ≤ 60 yrs) | ||||||
| > 60 to 70 yrs | 0.66 | (0.36, 1.20) | 0.17 | 0.80 | (0.38, 1.70) | 0.57 |
| > 70 to 80 yrs | 0.27 | (0.13, 0.57) | 0.001a | 0.34 | (0.14, 0.83) | 0.02a |
| > 80 yrs | 0.48 | (0.19, 1.22) | 0.12 | 0.39 | (0.10, 1.57) | 0.19 |
| Body mass index (reference < 25 kg/m2) | ||||||
| 25.0 to 29.9 | 1.00 | (0.46, 2.17) | 1.00 | 0.65 | (0.24, 1.74) | 0.39 |
| 30.0 to 34.9 | 1.10 | (0.50, 2.44) | 0.81 | 0.88 | (0.31, 2.47) | 0.80 |
| 35.0 to 39.9 | 1.25 | (0.49, 3.22) | 0.64 | 0.86 | (0.29, 2.58) | 0.79 |
| ≥ 40.0 | 0.54 | (0.19, 1.59) | 0.27 | 0.40 | (0.10, 1.64) | 0.20 |
| Deyo-Charlson index (5-point change) | 1.28 | (0.70, 2.33) | 0.43 | 1.03 | (0.48, 2.21) | 0.93 |
| Depression (reference no depression) | 1.05 | (0.55, 2.00) | 0.88 | 1.91 | (0.83, 4.41) | 0.13 |
| Anxiety (reference no anxiety) | 3.05 | (1.62, 5.72) | 0.001a | 3.98 | (1.68, 9.43) | 0.002a |
*Adjusted for American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, distance from the medical center, income, operative diagnosis and implant fixation in addition to all the variables in the table; aSignificant odds ratios and P-values; CI, confidence interval. Goodness of fit statistic calculated as quasi likelihood ratio with lower value indicating a better fit: 2 years, 824.3; 5 years, 519.1.