Figure 9.

Antioxidant enzyme activity and oxidative damage parameters on human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells exposed to major components of EDs. Enzymatic activity (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST), SH, and TBARS measurements on guarana-treated cells (2 hours) at concentrations of 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/mL (a), caffeine-treated cells (2 hours) at concentrations of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/mL (b), and taurine-treated cells (2 hours) at concentrations of  1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mg/mL (c). Values are expressed as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments (n = 3). Statistical difference compared to control was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's multiple comparison test (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001).