AUC (95% confidence interval)	P-value
GOLD stage	0.66 (0.57–0.74)	0.001
BODE index	0.64 (0.55–0.72)	0.004
ADO index	0.64 (0.55–0.73)	0.003
DOSE index	0.75 (0.67–0.82)	<0.001
Previous exacerbation ratea	0.73 (0.64–0.82)	<0.001

Note:

^aExacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease within the previous year.

Abbreviations: ADO, age/dyspnea/airflow obstruction; AUC, area under the curve; BODE, body mass index/airflow obstruction/dyspnea/exercise capacity; DOSE, dyspnea/airflow obstruction/smoking status/exacerbation frequency; GOLD, Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.