Table 3.

Pre- to Post-treatment and Pre- to Six-month Follow-up Changes in the Immediate CI Therapy, Control, and Crossover CI Therapy Conditions

	Immediate CI Therapy		Controls		Crossover CI Therapy
Test	Post	6-month	Post	6-month	Post	6-montha
PMAL, 0–5 points	2.2±0.5b	1.5±0.7b	0.1±0.3	0.1±0.3	2.1±0.4c	1.5±0.7c
INMAP, No.	6.4±3.2b	6.6±5.1b	0.2±0.4	1.6±3.4	9.7±3.2c	9.5±1.0c
PAFT
Unilat. tasks, Af. Arm use, %d	33.1±31.5b	22.2±28.0b	0.6±16.5	−2.8±13.7	45.1±33.8c	38.6±34.3c
Functional Ability, 0−5 points	0.2±0.1b	0.2±0.3b	−0.1±0.3	0.0±0.3	0.4±0.1c	0.3±0.2c
Movements with a net increase in AROM, %	71.1±11.4b	70.6±17.8b	7.6±9.1	55.0±29.8	52.0±26.6c	58.1±35.3c

Note: Values are mean points ± SD.

Abbreviations: Af., affected; AROM, active range of motion; Gp, group; INMAP, Inventory of New Motor Activity and Patterns Test; PAFT, Pediatric Arm Function Test; PMAL, Pediatric Motor Activity Log; Unilat., unilateral.

^aIn the Crossover Constraint-Induced Therapy Group, data from 2 children at 6-month follow-up were substituted for by the mean score for the group at that testing session.

^bP < .05 for tests comparing either pre- to post-treatment or pre- to 6-month follow-up changes in the Immediate Constraint-Induced Therapy Group to corresponding changes in the control group.

^cP < .05 for tests comparing either pre-treatment scores to post-treatment or 6-month follow-up scores in the Crossover Constraint-Induced Therapy Group.

^dValues are for affected arm use for unilateral tasks only. For bilateral tasks, change in % of use of the affected arm from post-treatment to 6 months after treatment was also not significant when constraint-induced therapy was given immediately or after crossover.