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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jun 6.
Published in final edited form as: J Clin Exp Pathol. 2012 Jul 12;Suppl 4:006. doi: 10.4172/2161-0681.s4-006

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Conserved longevity pathways and processes, which modulate aging via autophagy. Additional interventions not listed here, e.g., the polyamine spermidine may also engage autophagy as a possible effector mechanism to extend lifespan. For simplicity, the interactions between the pathways are not shown, whereas the degree of conservation is indicated. While the mechanisms by which autophagy affects aging through these longevity paradigms are not yet fully elucidated, several positive regulators of autophagy have been identified, including the forkhead transcription factor FOXO, the histone deacetylase SIRT1, the energy sensor AMPK, and the forkhead transcription factor PHA-4/FOXA.