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. 2013 Jun 4;5(1):14. doi: 10.1186/1866-1955-5-14

Table 1.

Neuropsychological studies on working memory in high-functioning adolescents with ASD

Study Age in years Participant groups General IQ (SD) Matching criteria Working memory tests (maximum load) ASD impaired?
Ozonoff and Strayer (2001) [11]
7-18
(n = 25) Autism
96.3 (17.8)
Age
Running memory task (2)
N
(n = 15) TS
99.0 (11.4)
Gender
Spatial memory span (5)
(n = 15) TYP
107.1 (10.5)
IQ
Box search task (5)
Geurts et al. (2004) [2]
6-13
(n = 41) HFA
98.3 (18.4)
Age
SoP (12)
N
(n = 54) ADHD
99.5 (11.5)
Gender
(n = 41) TYP
111.5 (18.0)
Goldberg et al. 2005 [55]
8-12
(n = 17) HFA
96.5 (15.9)
Age
CANTAB SWM (8)
Y
(n = 21) ADHD
113.8 (10.3)
(n = 32) TYP
112.6 (12.1)
Landa and Goldberg (2005) [54]
7-17.5
(n = 19) HFA
109.7 (15.8)
Age
CANTAB SWM (8)
Y
(n = 19) TYP
113.4 (14.3)
Gender
IQ
Williams et al. (2005) [52]
8-16
(n = 24) HFA
109.7 (16.1)
Age
WRAML FW (6)
Y
(n = 44) TYP
110.0 (10.7)
IQ
Happé et al. (2006) [47]
8-16
(n = 32) HFA, AS
99.7 (18.7)
Age
CANTAB SWM (8)
N
(n = 30) ADHD, HD
99.1 (17.1)
Gender
(n = 32) TYP
106.8 (13.4)
IQ
Verté et al. (2006) [12]
6-13
(n = 50) HFA
98.2 (17.3)
Age
SoP (12)
Y
(n = 37) AS
105.2 (16.3)
Gender
(n = 25) PDD-NOS
98.3 (14.4)
(n = 47) TYP
112.1 (9.7)
Williams et al. (2006) [51]
8-16
(n = 38) HFA
103.8 (14.3)
Age
WRAML FW (6)
Y
(n = 38) TYP
107.2 (9.4)
IQ
Luna et al. (2007) [50]
8-33
(n = 61) HFA
110.7 (16.8)
Age
ODR
Y
Gender
(n = 61) TYP
111.0 (13.8)
 
 
IQ
Steele et al. (2007) [49]
8-29
(n = 29) HFA
107.8 (11.0)
Age
CANTAB SWM (8)
Y
(n = 29) TYP
110.8 (9.9)
IQ
McGonigle-Chalmers et al. (2008) [57]
6.8-13.9
(n = 20) Autism, AS
* 76 (19.9)
Age
Size sequencing task
Y
(n = 20) TYP
* 90 (8.6)
Sinzig et al. (2008) [48]
6-18
(n = 20) HFA, AS
112 (17.7)
Gender
CANTAB SWM (8)
N
(n = 20) HFA, AS + ADHD
103 (13.0)
(n = 20) ADHD
98 (13.4)
(n = 20) TYP
113 (11.9)
Corbett et al. (2009) [53]
7-12
(n = 18) ASD
94.2(17.8)
Age
CANTAB SS (9)
Y
(n = 18) ADHD
105.2(12.8)
CANTAB SWM (8)
    (n = 18) TYP 112.2(14.8)      

ADHD: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; AS: Asperger syndrome; ASD: autism spectrum disorders; FW: finger windows; HD: hyperkinetic disorder; HFA: high-functioning autism; ODR: oculomotor delayed response task; PDD-NOS: pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified; SoP: self-ordered pointing task; SS: spatial span; SWM: spatial working memory; TS: Tourette syndrome; TYP: typical development. * Percentile rank.