Table 1.
Basic patient characteristics according to microalbuminuria status
| |
Total |
Normoalbuminuria |
Microalbuminuria * |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 4191 | n = 3538 | n = 653 | ||
| Age (y) |
51.7 ± 11.1 |
51.1 ± 11.1 |
54.7 ± 10.7 |
<0.001 |
| Female, No. (%) |
2320(55.4) |
1919(54.2) |
401(61.4) |
0.001 |
| Current smoker, No. (%) |
1078(26.0) |
929(26.5) |
149(23.2) |
0.09 |
| Current drinker, No. (%) |
774(18.7) |
659(18.8) |
115(18.0) |
0.63 |
| High school education, No. (%) |
132(3.2) |
110(3.1) |
22(3.4) |
0.71 |
| Cardiovascular disease, No. (%) |
207(4.9) |
162(4.6) |
45(7.0) |
0.01 |
| Stroke, No. (%) |
101(2.4) |
89(2.5) |
12(1.9) |
0.32 |
| BMI (kg/m2) |
24.7 ± 3.7 |
24.7 ± 3.7 |
24.7 ± 3.8 |
0.96 |
| Waist circumference (cm) |
87.9 ± 9.6 |
87.7 ± 9.6 |
88.8 ± 9.5 |
0.009 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) |
139.4 ± 22.1 |
138.1 ± 21.5 |
146.4 ± 24.4 |
<0.001 |
| Diastolic BP(mm Hg) |
77.7 ± 12.2 |
77.3 ± 12.0 |
80.1 ± 13.2 |
<0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) |
5.8 ± 1.3 |
5.7 ± 1.2 |
6.1 ± 1.9 |
<0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) |
1.5 ± 1.0 |
1.5 ± 0.9 |
1.6 ± 1.3 |
<0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) |
1.3 ± 0.3 |
1.3 ± 0.2 |
1.3 ± 0.3 |
0.33 |
| SCr (umol/L) |
71.4 ± 10.8 |
71.5 ± 10.7 |
70.8 ± 11.3 |
0.11 |
| Diabetes, No. (%) |
259(6.2) |
195(5.5) |
64(9.8) |
<0.001 |
| Hypertension, No. (%) |
2076(49.5) |
1672(47.3) |
404(61.9) |
<0.001 |
| CRP (mg/L) |
0.8(0.4-2.1) |
0.8(0.4-2.0) |
1.0(0.4-2.3) |
0.01 |
| High CRP †, No. (%) |
660(15.7) |
535(15.1) |
125(19.1) |
0.01 |
| Obesity, No. (%) |
1737(41.4) |
1467(41.5) |
270(41.3) |
0.96 |
| High BP, No. (%) |
2723(65.0 ) |
2233(63.1) |
490(75.0) |
<0.001 |
| High fasting glucose, No. (%) |
818(19.5) |
643(18.2) |
175(26.8) |
<0.001 |
| High triglycerides, No. (%) |
1185(28.3) |
982(27.8) |
203(31.1) |
0.08 |
| Low HDL cholesterol, No. (%) |
797(19.0) |
677(19.1) |
120(18.4) |
0.65 |
| MetS ‡, No. (%) | 1076(25.7) | 873(24.7) | 203(31.1) | 0.001 |
BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, CRP C-reactive protein, HDL high density lipoprotein, MetS metabolic syndrome, SCr serum creatinine.
* Microalbuminuria was defined as a urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) of 30–300 mg/g.
† High CRP was defined as a CRP ≥3 mg/dl.
‡ MetS was defined by the Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS).