Table 1.

Reliability: percentage agreement between two independent coders.

	Panpanzee	Panbanisha	Human child
Gesture/symbol existence	83	81	80
Gesture/symbol type	80	82	98
Referent	94	87	95
Eye contact	89	90	83
Vocalization	100	97	93
Persistence	87	84	90
Communicativeness	81	81	97

Agreement on communicativeness meant that both coders agreed that one of the following indices of communicativeness was associated with the gesture: persistence, eye contact, or vocalization.