Table 4. Risk-Adjusted All-Cause Mortality, Cause Specific Mortality, and Composite Hazard Ratios in Successive Treatment Eras.
|
Era 1 1993-1998 |
Era 2 1999-2004 |
Era 3† 2005-2010 |
Era 1 1993-1998 |
Era 2 1999-2004 |
Era 3† 2005-2010 |
P trend‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted hazard ratios | Adjusted hazard ratios* | ||||||
| 1-year HR (95% CI) | |||||||
| All-cause mortality | 1.00 | 0.74 (0.58-0.94) p=0.013 | 0.83 (0.65-1.06) p=0.141 | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.63-1.32) p=0.618 | 0.68 (0.45-1.04) p=0.072 | 0.080 |
| Sudden death | 1.00 | 0.45 (0.27-0.74) p=0.002 | 0.24 (0.12-0.48) p<0.001 | 1.00 | 0.73 (0.36-1.48) p=0.384 | 0.19 (0.05-0.64) p=0.007 | 0.006 |
| Progressive HF death | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.69-1.48) p=0.969 | 1.70 (1.19-2.42) p=0.004 | 1.00 | 1.95 (1.07-3.56) p=0.029 | 1.65 (0.88-3.11) p=0.122 | 0.124 |
| Mortality, urgent transplant or VAD | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.71-1.02) p=0.078 | 1.10 (0.92-1.31) p=0.305 | 1.00 | 1.61 (1.25-2.07) p<0.001 | 1.37 (1.04-1.80) p=0.023 | 0.013 |
| 2 year HR (95% CI) | |||||||
| All-cause mortality | 1.00 | 0.82 (0.67-1.00) p=0.053 | 0.85 (0.67-1.06) p=0.144 | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.69-1.30) p=0.738 | 0.67 (0.46-0.97) p=0.035 | 0.047 |
| Sudden death | 1.00 | 0.57 (0.37-0.88) p=0.012 | 0.42 (0.24-0.72) p=0.002 | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.53-1.77) p=0.909 | 0.43 (0.18-1.03) p=0.057 | 0.085 |
| Progressive HF death | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.71-1.40) p=0.972 | 1.59 (1.14-2.22) p=0.006 | 1.00 | 1.58 (0.95-2.64) p=0.081 | 1.27 (0.72-2.26) p=0.410 | 0.354 |
| Mortality, urgent transplant or VAD | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.76-1.04) p=0.141 | 1.08 (0.92-1.28) p=0.359 | 1.00 | 1.48 (1.18-1.85) p=0.001 | 1.28 (0.99-1.64) p=0.057 | 0.027 |
| 3-year HR (95% CI) | |||||||
| All-cause mortality | 1.00 | 0.78 (0.65-0.94) p=0.008 | 0.82 (0.65-1.02) p=0.075 | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.66-1.16) p=0.355 | 0.58 (0.40-0.85) p=0.005 | 0.006 |
| Sudden death | 1.00 | 0.58 (0.39-0.86) p=0.007 | 0.41 (0.23-0.72) p=0.002 | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.54-1.65) p=0.842 | 0.35 (0.14-0.87) p=0.024 | 0.042 |
| Progressive HF death | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.72-1.37) p=0.973 | 1.62 (1.16-2.26) p=0.005 | 1.00 | 1.34 (0.83-2.16) p=0.232 | 1.02 (0.57-1.90) p=0.955 | 0.822 |
| Mortality, urgent transplant or VAD | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.74-0.99) p=0.033 | 1.08 (0.91-1.27) p=0.391 | 1.00 | 1.33 (1.08-1.64) p=0.008 | 1.18 (0.92-1.51) p=0.197 | 0.094 |
P values reflect the likelihood ratio test by the Cox model.
*
Multivariate analysis is adjusted for patients' age, gender, LVEF, NYHA class, body mass index, history of CAD, history of diabetes, history of hypertension, total cholesterol, serum sodium, serum BUN and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure after optimization of therapy.
†
2005-2009 and 2005-2008 for 2 and 3 year analyses, respectively.
‡
P value for trend from Cochran-Armitage test for adjusted models.