Table 2.
Animal based measures related to the principles of good feeding and housing in tie-stall housing system with vs. without exercise
| Measures |
Tie-stall housing system with exercise |
Tie-stall housing system without exercise |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(n = 40) |
(n = 40) |
|||||||
| Mean | SEM | Median | Range | Mean | SEM | Median | Range | |
| % of very lean cows |
9.12 |
1.60 |
6.56 |
32.43 |
9.49 |
1.60 |
8.16 |
37.14 |
| Duration of lying down movements |
5.41 |
0.09 |
5.42 |
2.43 |
6.77 |
0.16 |
6.47*** |
3.16 |
| % lying down movements with collisions |
21.07 |
3.09 |
17.64 |
59.18 |
44.57*** |
4.22 |
41.00 |
83.67 |
| % lying cows which lie partly outside lying area |
0.78 |
0.55 |
0.00 |
15.62 |
5.35*** |
1.31 |
0.00 |
26.92 |
| % cows with dirty lower legs |
31.08 |
1.15 |
31.97 |
29.27 |
35.09 |
2.78 |
31.97 |
85.72 |
| % cows with dirty udder |
25.84 |
1.14 |
26.97 |
28.04 |
29.04 |
2.20 |
28.57 |
63.06 |
| % cows with dirty flank and upper legs | 42.08 | 1.01 | 40.00 | 21.90 | 43.54 | 1.93 | 42.85 | 55.71 |
*** significant statistical differences at P< 0.001.
n = number of farms.
SEM = standard error of the mean.