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. 2013 Jun 1;55(1):43. doi: 10.1186/1751-0147-55-43

Table 3.

Animal based measures related to the principle of good health in tie-stall housing system with vs. without exercise

Measures Tie-stall housing system with exercise
Tie-stall housing system without exercise
(n = 40)
(n = 40)
Mean SEM Median Range Mean SEM Median Range
% lame cows
15.12
0.67
15.15
13.88
22.21***
0.51
26.265
10.00
% cows with no lesion
89.13***
1.14
87.50
24.32
75.71
0.96
76.93
23.41
% cows with at least one hairless patch and no lesion
44.43
2.23
45.45
53.33
50.49*
1.50
51.02
36.79
% cows with at least one lesion
10.87
1.14
12.50
24.32
22.30***
1.28
22.86
30.28
Frequency of coughing per cow per 15 min
0.31
0.22
0.00
6.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
% cows with nasal discharge
0.16
0.11
0.00
3.12
0.41
0.28
0.00
8.16
% cows with ocular discharge
1.75
0.39
0.00
6.25
0.92
0.30
0.00
6.25
% cows with increased respiratory rate
0.47
0.33
0.00
9.37
1.29
0.51
0.00
11.54
% cows with diarrhoea
2.26
0.77
0.00
15.62
3.43
0.94
0.00
23.07
% cows with vulvar discharge
0.14
0.09
0.00
2.70
1.90
0.54
0.00
14.00
% mastitis
6.38
0.54
5.00
10.50
13.85***
0.78
14.50
19.00
% mortality during the last 12 months
0.80
0.19
0.00
4.00
2.40
0.21
2.28***
5.00
% dystocia
0.91
0.23
0.00
5.00
2.66
0.24
2.78***
5.76
% downer cows
0.23
0.09
0.00
2.00
0.69*
0.13
0.00
2.00
% dehorned cows 80.48 5.71 100.00 100.00 85.50 3.83 100.00 100.0

* significant statistical differences at P< 0.05.

*** significant statistical differences at P< 0.001.

n = number of farms.

SEM = standard error of the mean.