Table 5.
Descriptive statistics for principle and criteria scores in tie-stall housing system with vs. without exercise
| Principles and criteria |
Tie-stall housing system with exercise |
Tie-stall housing system without exercise |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(n = 40) |
(n = 40) |
|||||||
| Mean | SEM | Median | Range | Mean | SEM | Median | Range | |
| I. Principle: Good feeding |
48.14 |
3.18 |
52.90* |
59.70 |
35.99 |
3.87 |
37.60 |
59.20 |
| Criterion: APH |
63.34 |
4.93 |
58.90 |
79.40 |
62.26 |
4.72 |
52.50 |
82.30 |
| Criterion: APT |
51.45* |
3.26 |
60.00 |
57.00 |
37.20 |
5.10 |
60.00 |
57.00 |
| II. Principle: Good housing |
35.37 |
0.65 |
35.25*** |
12.80 |
18.67 |
0.55 |
18.30 |
13.40 |
| Criterion: CAR |
39.37 |
1.73 |
37.55*** |
34.60 |
25.65 |
1.41 |
24.70 |
36.60 |
| Criterion: EM |
34.00 |
0.00 |
34.00*** |
0.00 |
15.00 |
0.00 |
15.00 |
0.00 |
| III. Principle: Good health |
51.26 |
2.53 |
52.20*** |
59.40 |
32.87 |
1.46 |
31.85 |
36.60 |
| Criterion: AI |
63.77 |
1.99 |
63.40*** |
54.50 |
45.06 |
0.85 |
46.75 |
18.10 |
| Criterion: AD |
82.36 |
3.02 |
80.25*** |
69.80 |
60.34 |
3.39 |
65.55 |
58.80 |
| Criterion: APIMP |
40.05 |
4.52 |
41.00*** |
87.00 |
21.55 |
3.29 |
13.00 |
87.00 |
| IV. Principle: Appropriate behaviour |
41.76 |
0.89 |
41.35*** |
22.40 |
16.00 |
0.38 |
15.60 |
8.30 |
| Criterion: ESB |
99.66 |
0.16 |
100.00 |
3.40 |
100.00* |
0.00 |
100.00 |
0.00 |
| Criterion: EOB |
72.73 |
0.65 |
72.60*** |
13.10 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
| Criterion: GHAR |
80.54 |
1.92 |
83.50*** |
37.70 |
65.78 |
2.20 |
65.90 |
58.80 |
| Criterion: PES | 15.85 | 1.26 | 13.05* | 29.00 | 11.73 | 0.94 | 11.00 | 20.70 |
* significant statistical differences at P< 0.05.
*** significant statistical differences at P< 0.001.
n = number of farms.
SEM = standard error of the mean.
APH Absence of prolonged hunger, APT Absence of prolonged thirst, CAR Comfort around resting, EM Ease of movement, AI Absence of injuries, AD Absence of diseases, APIMP Absence of pain induced by management procedures, ESB Expression of social behaviours, EOB Expression of other behaviours, GHAR Good human-animal relationship, PES Positive emotional state.