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. 2013 Jun 1;55(1):43. doi: 10.1186/1751-0147-55-43

Table 5.

Descriptive statistics for principle and criteria scores in tie-stall housing system with vs. without exercise

Principles and criteria Tie-stall housing system with exercise
Tie-stall housing system without exercise
(n = 40)
(n = 40)
Mean SEM Median Range Mean SEM Median Range
I. Principle: Good feeding
48.14
3.18
52.90*
59.70
35.99
3.87
37.60
59.20
Criterion: APH
63.34
4.93
58.90
79.40
62.26
4.72
52.50
82.30
Criterion: APT
51.45*
3.26
60.00
57.00
37.20
5.10
60.00
57.00
II. Principle: Good housing
35.37
0.65
35.25***
12.80
18.67
0.55
18.30
13.40
Criterion: CAR
39.37
1.73
37.55***
34.60
25.65
1.41
24.70
36.60
Criterion: EM
34.00
0.00
34.00***
0.00
15.00
0.00
15.00
0.00
III. Principle: Good health
51.26
2.53
52.20***
59.40
32.87
1.46
31.85
36.60
Criterion: AI
63.77
1.99
63.40***
54.50
45.06
0.85
46.75
18.10
Criterion: AD
82.36
3.02
80.25***
69.80
60.34
3.39
65.55
58.80
Criterion: APIMP
40.05
4.52
41.00***
87.00
21.55
3.29
13.00
87.00
IV. Principle: Appropriate behaviour
41.76
0.89
41.35***
22.40
16.00
0.38
15.60
8.30
Criterion: ESB
99.66
0.16
100.00
3.40
100.00*
0.00
100.00
0.00
Criterion: EOB
72.73
0.65
72.60***
13.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Criterion: GHAR
80.54
1.92
83.50***
37.70
65.78
2.20
65.90
58.80
Criterion: PES 15.85 1.26 13.05* 29.00 11.73 0.94 11.00 20.70

* significant statistical differences at P< 0.05.

*** significant statistical differences at P< 0.001.

n = number of farms.

SEM = standard error of the mean.

APH Absence of prolonged hunger, APT Absence of prolonged thirst, CAR Comfort around resting, EM Ease of movement, AI Absence of injuries, AD Absence of diseases, APIMP Absence of pain induced by management procedures, ESB Expression of social behaviours, EOB Expression of other behaviours, GHAR Good human-animal relationship, PES Positive emotional state.