Table 1. Baseline outcome measures for BL6 control and dy^2J mice at 12–15 weeks of age show decreased body weights, forelimb grip strength, vertical activity and increased heart rates in dy^2J mice.

Measurement	BL6		dy2J		P-value
	N	Mean ± SD	N	Mean ± SD
%FS	6	34±1	10	33±1	0.1421
%EF	6	63±1	10	63±1	0.9125
Heart rate (BPM)	6	459±23	10	524±18	<0.001
PA velocity (mm/s)	6	757±72	10	741±59	0.6365
Ao velocity (mm/s)	6	1058±101	10	1070±68	0.7868
E/A ratio	6	1.78±0.06	9	1.70±0.11	0.1060
Horizontal activity*	6	1510±564; 1578 (712–2390)	21	1286±247; 1213 (954–1784)	0.2938
Total distance (cm)*	6	431±219; 389 (156–811)	21	338±144; 304 (115–671)	0.2678
Movement time(second)*	6	52±27; 48 (19–99)	21	47±19; 45 (18–92)	0.7483
Rest time(second)*	6	548±27; 553 (501–581)	21	553±19; 555 (508–582)	0.7263
Vertical activity*	6	27±9; 25 (16–41)	21	6±4; 5 (0–15)	0.0002
GSM forelimb (KGF)	6	0.112±0.014	21	0.073±0.010	<0.001
Normalized GSM forelimb (KGF/kg)	6	4.519±0.871	21	3.973±0.664	0.1095
Body weight (g)	6	25.1±3.7	21	18.6±1.8	<0.001

^*Non-parametric comparison of medians; data expressed as mean ± SD; median (range).

Abbreviations: %FS – percent fractional shortening, %EF- percent ejection fraction, BPM- beats per minute, Om – omigapil, SD – standard deviation, PA – pulmonary artery, Ao – aortic, E/A – ratio of mitral valve E and A wave velocities, GSM – grip strength meter, KGF – kilogram-force.