TABLE 1.
Demographic and Clinic Data in the Preterm and Term Neonates with Hypertension
| <28 weeks gestation | 28 –36 weeks gestation | Preterm (< 37 weeks gestation) | Term | Total | p value (Preterm vs. Term) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 21 | 18 | 39 | 14 | 53 | 0.45 |
| Gestational age, weeks | 25.3 (1.1) | 32.2 (2.8) | 28.5 (4) | 37.9 (1) | 31 (5.4) | <0.001 |
| Sex, male (%) | 14 (67) | 13 (72) | 27 (69) | 9 (64) | 36 (68) | 0.74 |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||||
| African American | 12 (57) | 5(28) | 17(44) | 2(14) | 19(36) | 0.06 |
| Caucasian | 4 (19) | 4 (22) | 8(21) | 6(43) | 14(26) | 0.15 |
| Hispanic | 4(19) | 6(33) | 10 (26) | 5(36) | 15(28) | 0.5 |
| Asian | 1(5) | 3(17) | 4 (10) | 1(7) | 5(9) | 1 |
| Mean birth weight, g | 820 (415) | 1985 (807) | 1358 (807) | 3255 (586) | 1859 (1129) | <0.001 |
| Mean birth length, cm | 32.9 (9.8) | 42.8 (5.6) | 37.6 (6.6) | 49.6 (1.4) | 40.8 (7.8) | <0.001 |
| Maternal smoking, n (%) | 1 (5) | 1 (6) | 2 (5) | 1 (7) | 3 (6) | 1 |
| Maternal substance abuse, n (%) | 3 (14) | 1 (6) | 4 (10) | 0 (0) | 4 (8) | 0.059 |
| PIH, n (%) | 5 (24) | 5 (28) | 10 (26) | 1 (7) | 11 (21) | 0.25 |
| Chronic maternal HTN, n (%) | 3 (14) | 1 (6) | 4 (10) | 0 (0) | 4 (8) | 0.56 |
| All maternal HTN, n (%) | 6 (29) | 6 (33) | 12 (31) | 1 (7) | 13 (25) | 0.14 |
| Antenatal steroids, n (%) | 11 (52) | 9 (50) | 20 (51) | 0 (0) | 20 (37) | <0.004 |
| BPD, n (%) | 17 (81) | 10 (56) | 27 (69) | 0 (0) | 27 (51) | <0.001 |
| PDA, n (%) | 15 (68) | 11 (61) | 26 (67) | 7 (50) | 33 (62) | 0.34 |
| IVH (Grade III and IV), n (%) | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 1 (7) | 2 (4) | 0.46 |
| Umbilical artery catheter, n (%) | 12 (57) | 6 (33) | 18 (46) | 7 (50) | 25 (47) | 0.88 |
| Umbilical venous catheter, n (%) | 11(52) | 7 (39) | 18 (46) | 6 (43) | 24 (45) | 1 |
| Age at diagnosis of HTN, days | 121 (53) | 60 (57) | 93 (62) | 38 (42) | 78 (62) | 0.002 |
| LVH on echocardiogram, n (%) | 2 (10) | 5 (27) | 7 (17) | 3 (21) | 10 (18) | 1 |
| Abnormal renal ultrasound, n (%) | 0 (0) | 9 (50) | 9 (23) | 3 (21) | 12 (22) | 1 |
| Treated with >1 medication, n (%) | 5 (24) | 10 (56) | 15 (38) | 12 (86) | 27 (51) | 0.004 |
| Medication at discharge, n (%) | 19 (90) | 15 (83) | 34 (87) | 11 (79) | 45 (85%) | 0.42 |
| Median length of stay, days | 149 (82) | 120 (109) | 122 (95) | 52 (118) | 117 (102) | 0.048 |
| Death, n (%) | 1 (5) | 3 (17) | 4 (10) | 1 (7) | 5 (9) | 1 |
All continuous variables given as mean (± one standard deviation); PIH=pregnancy induced hypertension; HTN=hypertension; BPD=bronchopulmonary dysplasia; PDA=patent ductus arteriosus; IVH=intraventricular hemorrhage; LVH=left ventricular hypertrophy