Table 1.
GCS score at ICU discharge | 3–6 | 7–9 | 10–12 | 13–15 | Total | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patients | ||||||
(n) | 83 | 46 | 101 | 308 | 538 | |
(%) | 15.4 | 8.6 | 18.8 | 57.2 | 100.0 | |
Age (years, mean) | 49.3 | 43.7 | 39.2 | 37.6 | 40.2 | <0.001 |
Age (years, SD) | 19.4 | 22.4 | 22.1 | 19.5 | 20.6 | |
Gender male (% of patients) | 69.9 | 65.2 | 74.3 | 76.0 | 73.8 | n.s. |
Alcohol intoxication (% of patients) | 24.3 | 37.0 | 24.2 | 28.8 | 28.1 | n.s. |
Trauma mechanism (% of patients) | ||||||
Blunt assault | 1.2 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 4.5 | n.s. |
Gunshot | 1.2 | 0.0 | 3.0 | 2.3 | 2.0 | n.s. |
Fall <3 m | 39.8 | 37.0 | 20.8 | 22.7 | 26.2 | <0.001 |
Fall >3 m | 3.6 | 10.9 | 8.9 | 5.5 | 6.3 | n.s. |
Fall total | 43.4 | 47.8 | 29.7 | 28.2 | 32.5 | <0.01 |
Bicycle | 6.0 | 8.7 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.6 | n.s. |
RTA: motorcycle | 4.8 | 2.2 | 9.9 | 9.7 | 8.4 | n.s. |
RTA: car driver | 18.1 | 10.9 | 17.8 | 14.9 | 15.6 | n.s. |
RTA: car passenger | 4.8 | 0.0 | 7.9 | 9.7 | 7.8 | n.s. |
RTA: pedestrian | 13.3 | 4.3 | 10.9 | 11.7 | 11.2 | n.s. |
RTA total | 41.0 | 17.4 | 46.5 | 46.1 | 42.9 | <0.05 |
Other | 3.6 | 13.0 | 8.9 | 9.4 | 8.7 | n.s. |
Unknown | 3.6 | 8.7 | 2.0 | 3.6 | 3.7 | n.s. |
Severity of trauma | ||||||
ISS (median) | 26 | 27.5 | 27.0 | 24.0 | 25.0 | <0.001 |
ISS (IQR) | 16–34.5 | 17–33.75 | 18–34 | 16–29 | 16–33 | |
Concomitant injury with AIS >2 (% of patients) | ||||||
None | 53.0 | 58.7 | 45.5 | 53.2 | 52.2 | n.s. |
To 1 body region | 26.5 | 21.7 | 21.8 | 24.0 | 23.8 | n.s. |
To 2 body regions | 13.3 | 10.9 | 26.7 | 14.3 | 16.2 | <0.05 |
To >2 body regions | 7.2 | 8.7 | 5.9 | 8.4 | 7.8 | n.s. |
Severity of TBI | ||||||
First GCS score (median) | 4.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | <0.001 |
First GCS score (IQR) | 3–6 | 3–7 | 4–8 | 6–9 | 4–8 | |
AIS head score (median) | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | <0.001 |
AIS head score (IQR) | 4–5 | 4–5 | 3–4 | 3–4 | 3–4 | |
Basal cisterns closed (% of patients) | 24.1 | 6.7 | 7.5 | 3.1 | 7.8 | <0.001 |
Midline shift <5 mm (% of patients) | 54.9 | 48.8 | 62.4 | 72.8 | 65.5 | <0.001 |
Normal pupils (% of patients) | 43.9 | 61.0 | 60.4 | 69.9 | 63.3 | <0.001 |
Probability of survival (median) | 60.0 | 79.0 | 82.0 | 90.0 | 85.0 | <0.001 |
Probability of survival (IQR) | 38.0–80 | 52.5–87 | 62.5–92 | 79.0–96 | 65.0–95 |
GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, ICU intensive care unit, RTA road traffic accident, ISS Injury Severity Score, IQR interquartile range, AIS Abbreviated Injury Scale