Table 3.

Factors influencing long-term outcome (12-month outcome)

GCS score at ICU discharge	3–6	7–9	10–12	13–15	Total	p-Value
Patients (n)
Total	83	46	101	308	538
Favourable	8	15	84	287	394
Unfavourable	75	31	17	21	144
Patients (%)
Favourable	9.6	32.6	83.2	93.2	73.2	<0.001
Age (years, mean)
Favourable	44.4	33.9*	36.0**	36.3***	36.3	n.s.
Unfavourable	49.8	48.4*	55.4**	55.0***	50.9	n.s.
ISS (median)
Favourable	26.0	26.0	27.0	22.0	25.0	<0.001
IQR	22.75–30	11.0–33	21.0–34	16.0–29	17.0–33
Unfavourable	26.0	29.0	16.0	26.0	26.0	n.s.
IQR	16.0–35	16.0–35	16.0–25	20.0–34	16.0–34
First GCS score (median)
Favourable	4.0	7.0*	6.0	7.0	7.0	<0.001
IQR	4–4.5	5.5–7	4.0–8	6.0–9	5.0–9
Unfavourable	4.0	4.0*	6.0	7.0	5.0	<0.001
IQR	3.0–6	3.0–6	4.0–8	7.0–8	3–7.25
AIS head score (median)
Favourable	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	<0.05
IQR	4.0–5	4.0–5	3.0–4	3.0–4	3.0–4
Unfavourable	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	n.s.
IQR	4.0–5	4.0–5	4.0–4	4.0–4	4.0–5
Normal pupils (% of patients)
Favourable	50.0	54.5	58.2	70.8	67.2	n.s.
Unfavourable	43.2	63.3	70.6	57.9	52.9	n.s.
BC closed (% of patients)
Favourable	0.0	0.0	7.9	2.5	3.6	n.s.
Unfavourable	26.8	9.7	5.9	11.1	18.2	n.s.
ML shift <5 mm (% of patients)
Favourable	75.0	61.5	61.8	73.6	70.5	n.s.
Unfavourable	52.7	43.3	64.7	61.1	53.2	n.s.
ICP monitoring (% of patients)
Favourable	37.5	60.0	47.6	40.4	42.6	n.s.
Unfavourable	70.7	74.2	82.4	38.1	68.1	<0.05
Neurosurgery (% of patients)
Favourable	50.0	66.7	70.2	54.0	57.9	<0.05
Unfavourable	74.7	83.9	82.4	57.1	75.0	n.s.

Bold font indicates significant differences between favourable and unfavourable patients (*<0.05; **<0.01; ***<0.001)

GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, ICU intensive care unit, ISS Injury Severity Score, AIS Abbreviated Injury Scale, IQR interquartile range, BC basal cisterns, ML midline, ICP intracranial pressure