Fig. 2.

Renal function: serum creatinine levels did not increase significantly (ANOVA) after PIPAC application and remained within the normal range. ANOVA: repeated analysis of variance. Normal value: 0.5–0.9 mg/dl. Cumulative renal toxicity of repeated PIPAC with cisplatin 7.5 mg/m² body surface and doxorubicin 1.5 mg/m² body surface over 2–3 months of observation time. Preoperative serum creatinine value before first PIPAC (three patients), second (three patients), and third PIPAC (two patients). Creatinine levels remain within the normal range. Normal value: 0.5–0.9 mg/dl. Green shaded areas = normal range of measured parameters