Table 1.
Subject characteristics by quartile of arsenic intake
| Men (n = 42,029) | Women (n = 48,349) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lowest | Second | Third | Highest | Lowest | Second | Third | Highest | |
| Arsenic intake (median, μg) | 88.3 | 127.8 | 166.1 | 247.5 | 93.7 | 132.2 | 171.5 | 253.2 |
| Inorganic arsenic (median, μg) | 40.5 | 54.7 | 63.5 | 99.1 | 40.6 | 53.7 | 62.6 | 105.7 |
| No. of subjects | 10,507 | 10,507 | 10,508 | 10,507 | 12,087 | 12,088 | 12,087 | 12,087 |
| Age, years ± SD | 55.7 ± 7.9 | 56.0 ± 7.6 | 56.9 ± 7.6 | 58.2 ± 7.8 | 56.3 ± 8.2 | 56.4 ± 7.8 | 57.2 ± 7.7 | 58.3 ± 7.8 |
| Body mass index, ±SD (kg/m2) | 23.7 ± 3.0 | 23.5 ± 2.9 | 23.6 ± 2.8 | 23.5 ± 2.8 | 23.5 ± 3.2 | 23.4 ± 3.2 | 23.5 ± 3.2 | 23.6 ± 3.1 |
| Never smoker (%) | 31.1 | 32.2 | 34.3 | 35.8 | 86.0 | 88.0 | 88.8 | 86.7 |
| Alcohol intake (≥5 times/week) (%) | 56.0 | 50.9 | 46.7 | 42.2 | 6.7 | 5.1 | 4.2 | 3.5 |
| Leisure time physical activity (≥3 times/week) (%) | 9.3 | 9.8 | 10.7 | 12.7 | 8.6 | 9.4 | 11.0 | 13.3 |
| Postmenopausal (%) | – | – | – | – | 74.6 | 76.3 | 79.3 | 83.3 |
| Use of exogenous female hormones (%) | – | – | – | – | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.3 |
| Energy, ±SD (kcal/day) | 2,170.5 ± 675.4 | 2,152.0 ± 608.3 | 2,148.2 ± 627.3 | 2,181.6 ± 651.5 | 1,872.9 ± 604.7 | 1,838.6 ± 534.4 | 1,851.1 ± 546.2 | 1,866.2 ± 561.3 |
| Rice, ±SD (g/day) | 190.7 ± 73.7 | 205.6 ± 71.8 | 202.5 ± 68.6 | 185.5 ± 66.4 | 159.8 ± 60.3 | 166.9 ± 54.4 | 162.6 ± 52.5 | 150.4 ± 52.7 |
| Wheat, ±SD (g/day) | 43.3 ± 42.1 | 40.6 ± 30.7 | 39.5 ± 28.6 | 40.3 ± 28.6 | 47.5 ± 40.3 | 41.2 ± 29.1 | 38.9 ± 26.7 | 38.0 ± 27.5 |
| Soybean, ±SD (g/day) | 27.0 ± 27.1 | 30.4 ± 21.9 | 33.4 ± 23.0 | 37.4 ± 26.6 | 27.3 ± 24.8 | 30.5 ± 21.2 | 33.1 ± 21.7 | 37.3 ± 26.8 |
| Potatoes, ±SD (g/day) | 16.3 ± 20.1 | 20.8 ± 19.7 | 25.2 ± 22.3 | 32.2 ± 27.4 | 24.1 ± 26.3 | 29.0 ± 23.5 | 32.8 ± 24.0 | 39.6 ± 30.2 |
| Vegetables, ±SD (g/day) | 159.4 ± 130.2 | 188.5 ± 120.7 | 211.7 ± 121.0 | 244.4 ± 134.0 | 204.1 ± 141.8 | 224.6 ± 125.8 | 243.1 ± 123.8 | 269.2 ± 138.5 |
| Seafood, ±SD (g/day) | 57.2 ± 36.1 | 81.3 ± 38.9 | 102.5 ± 43.6 | 132.6 ± 68.6 | 59.1 ± 38.6 | 80.4 ± 37.5 | 98.7 ± 41.9 | 117.6 ± 59.9 |
| Seaweed, ±SD (g/day) | 2.5 ± 3.1 | 5.8 ± 4.5 | 8.8 ± 6.3 | 14.5 ± 15.3 | 4.5 ± 3.6 | 7.3 ± 5.0 | 10.4 ± 6.6 | 16.3 ± 15.4 |
| Hijiki, ±SD (g/day) | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 1.0 | 5.0 ± 5.8 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 1.1 | 5.8 ± 7.1 |
| Meat, ±SD (g/day) | 68.7 ± 50.4 | 65.9 ± 40.8 | 64.8 ± 39.0 | 62.4 ± 38.9 | 65.0 ± 46.6 | 59.3 ± 35.1 | 56.2 ± 33.0 | 53.2 ± 34.8 |
| Dairy, ±SD (g/day) | 189.8 ± 244.4 | 166.4 ± 175.1 | 164.8 ± 164.8 | 166.0 ± 162.5 | 242.4 ± 238.3 | 207.8 ± 177.4 | 194.4 ± 162.0 | 198.0 ± 168.5 |