Table 3.

Number and Prevalence (per 1000) of Infants with Congenital Anomalies by Mother's Drug Exposure Category

	Mother's drug exposure
	MMI and/or PTUb						No MMI or PTU
	MMI only		PTU only		MMI and PTU		TTXcbefore/during pregnancy		TTX after pregnancy		No TTX		Total
	N=108		N=915		N=126		N=3236		N=2696		N=634,858		N=641,939
Congenital anomalya	N	Prev.d	N	Prev.	N	Prev.	N	Prev.	N	Prev.	N	Prev.	N	Prev.
Congenital anomalies of eye	1	9.26	1	1.09	0	0.00	8	2.47	9	3.34	1540	2.43	1559	2.43
Complex congenital heart disease	0	0.00	13	14.21	3	23.81	26	8.03	21	7.79	3832	6.04	3895	6.07
Atrial or ventricular septal heart defects (ASD/VSD)	1	9.26	13	14.21	2	15.87	42	12.98	39	14.47	7970	12.55	8067	12.57
Congenital anomalies of respiratory system	0	0.00	5	5.46	1	7.94	8	2.47	6	2.23	1714	2.70	1734	2.70
Congenital anomalies of genital organs	0	0.00	10	10.93	3	23.81	30	9.27	31	11.50	6161	9.70	6235	9.71
Congenital anomalies of urinary system	0	0.00	7	7.65	2	15.87	16	4.94	20	7.42	2780	4.38	2825	4.40
Certain congenital musculoskeletal deformities	1	9.26	10	10.93	3	23.81	35	10.82	40	14.84	7432	11.71	7521	11.72
Any congenital defecte	6	55.56	66	72.13	14	111.11	205	63.35	185	68.62	37,351	58.83	37,827	58.93
Odds ratiof	0.93		1.22		1.98		1.05		1.18
95% confidence intervalf	[0.41, 2.11]		[0.95, 1.57]		[1.14, 3.46]		[0.91, 1.21]		[1.01, 1.37]
p-Valuef	0.852		0.121		0.016		0.476		0.035		Ref.

Congenital anomaly diagnosed within 12 months of birth.

^aCongenital anomaly categories with at least 1,000 infants in the total group.

^bDrug use within 6 months before the pregnancy start date or during pregnancy.

^cThyrotoxicosis (ICD-9-CM 242.0x or 242.9x).

^dPrevalence per 1000 infants.

^eICD-9-CM codes within 740–759. See Supplementary Table S2 for complete listing of congenital anomalies codes.

^fOdds ratio, 95% confidence interval, and p-value for “Any congenital defect” with “No TTX” as the reference group from logistic regression model adjusting for mother's age.