Table 1.
Clostridium strains used in this study
| Strain | Lane no. in PFGE gel | Origin | Country | Yr | Sourcea | botE subtype |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 250 | 1 | Canned salmon | UK | 1978 | Crowther/Lindrothb | NDc |
| CB11/1-1 | 2 | Whitefish roe | Finland | 1999 | DFHEH | E1 |
| K51 | 3 | Rainbow trout surface | Finland | 1996 | DFHEH | E1 |
| Beluga | 4 | Fermented white whale flippers | USA | 1951 | Dolman/Lindrothb | E1 |
| K22 | 5 | Burbot surface | Finland | 1996 | DFHEH | E1 |
| 341 | 6 | European river lamprey | Finland | 2005 | DFHEH | E6 |
| 350 | 7 | European river lamprey | Finland | 2005 | DFHEH | ND |
| 4062 | 8 | Muktuk | USA | 1981 | Hatheway/Lindrothb | ND |
| 92 | 9 | Marine environment | USA | 1960s | Eklund/Lindrothb | ND |
| BL81/31 | 10 | Smoked salmon | Canada | 1934 | IFR | E1 |
| BL86/21 | 11 | Fish | ND | ND | IFR | ND |
| BL87/1 | 12 | Fish | USA | ND | IFR | ND |
| BL93/7 | 13 | Fish | USA | ND | IFR | E1 |
| BL93/8 | 14 | Human | USA | ND | IFR | E2 |
| C60 | 15 | Dried mutton | Denmark | 1989 | SSI | ND |
| K15 | 16 | Rainbow trout intestines | Finland | 1995 | DFHEH | E1 |
| K101 | 17 | Chub surface | Germany | 1997 | DFHEH | E1 |
| K117 | 18 | Smoked Canadian whitefish | Germany | 1997 | DFHEH | E3 |
| K119 | 9 | Rainbow trout intestines | Finland | 1996 | DFHEH | E1 |
| K126 | 20 | Smoked Alaskan salmon | Finland | 1996 | DFHEH | E3 |
| K23 | 21 | Burbot intestines | Finland | 1996 | DFHEH | ND |
| K25 | 22 | Burbot surface | Finland | 1996 | DFHEH | E1 |
| K28 | 23 | Burbot surface | Finland | 1996 | DFHEH | ND |
| K3 | 24 | Rainbow trout surface | Finland | 1995 | DFHEH | E3 |
| K35 | 25 | Vendace | Finland | 1996 | DFHEH | E6 |
| K36 | 26 | Smoked rainbow trout | Finland | 1996 | DFHEH | E6 |
| K37 | 27 | Smoked whitefish | Finland | 1996 | DFHEH | E1 |
| K44 | 28 | Rainbow trout intestines | Finland | 1996 | DFHEH | E3 |
| K47 | 29 | Rainbow trout surface | Finland | 1996 | DFHEH | ND |
| K7 | 30 | Rainbow trout intestines | Finland | 1995 | DFHEH | E6 |
| K76 | 31 | Hot-smoked vendace | Finland | 1997 | DFHEH | E1 |
| K8 | 32 | Rainbow trout intestines | Finland | 1995 | DFHEH | E1 |
| KA2 | 33 | Seola Creek strain | USA | ND | Riemann/Lindrothb | ND |
| M3 | 34 | Vegetarian sausage | Finland | 2001 | DFHEH | E3 |
| RS1 | 35 | Pacific red snapper | USA | 1983 | Lindrothb | ND |
| S16 | 36 | Fish pond sediment | Finland | 1997 | DFHEH | E6 |
a
DFHEH, Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; IFR, Institute of Food Research, Norwich, United Kingdom; SSI, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
b
Collected from John Crowther, Claude Dolman, Charles Hatheway, Melvin Eklund, and Hans Riemann by Seppo Lindroth (University of California, Davis).
c
ND, no data available.