Effect of delayed addition of FPSS on salt-induced σB activity. At mid-exponential phase (OD600, 0.2), PB198 (amyE::ctc-lacZ trpC2) grown in LB at 37°C with shaking (225 rpm) was treated with either H2O and DMSO (●), 0.3 M NaCl and DMSO (■), 0.3 M NaCl and 64 μM FPSS (▲), or 0.3 M NaCl, with 64 μM FPSS added after 15 min of sampling (indicated by an arrow) (◆). Mean β-galactosidase activity for two biological replicates is shown. Error bars, standard deviations.