Table 1.
Demographic, behavioral and clinical characteristics at the time of diagnosis with T. vaginalis infection by HIV status*
| HIV-seropositive | HIV-seronegative | P-value** | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N=282 | N=288 | ||||
| Age (years) | 36 ± 5 | 34 ± 7 | 0.01 | ||
| Educational level (years) | 7 ± 3 | 7 ± 3 | 0.3 | ||
| Duration of sex work (years) | 10 ± 11 | 8 ± 6 | 0.04 | ||
| Sexual activity in the past week1 | 142 | (50) | 175 | (63) | 0.008 |
| Number of sexual episodes in the past week1 | |||||
| 1 sex act | 71 | (25) | 67 | (24) | 0.3 |
| 2 or more sex acts | 71 | (25) | 108 | (39) | 0.002 |
| Number of partners in the past week1 | |||||
| 1 sex partner | 113 | (40) | 121 | (44) | 0.06 |
| 2 or more partners | 29 | (10) | 54 | (19) | 0.006 |
| Unprotected sex in the last week1 | 47 | (17) | 72 | (25) | 0.2 |
| Hormonal contraceptive use2 | |||||
| Oral contraceptive pills | 20 | (7) | 22 | (8) | 0.8 |
| Injectables | 61 | (22) | 29 | (10) | 0.006 |
| Norplant | 4 | (1) | 1 | (<1) | 0.2 |
| Vaginal washing in the last week3 | 269 | (95) | 244 | (85) | 0.001 |
| Bacterial vaginosis4 | 124 | (44) | 129 | (45) | 0.8 |
| Intermediate vaginal flora5 | 100 | (35) | 111 | (39) | 0.2 |
| Clue cells present on wet prep | 114 | (40) | 94 | (33) | 0.09 |
| Yeast present on wet prep | 29 | (10) | 23 | (8) | 0.4 |
| Gonorrhea | 8 | (3) | 8 | (3) | 1.0 |
| Cervicitis6 | 14 | (5) | 37 | (13) | 0.001 |
| CD4 count (cells/mm)7 | 370 ± | 235 | -- | --- | -- |
| On ART | 65 | (23) | -- | --- | -- |
N (%) or mean ± SD presented.
N represents the number of TV infections contributed by 360 unique participants. Eleven participants contributed infections while HIV-seronegative and HIV-seropositive.
P-value generated from models using generalized estimating equations with a logit link to account for multiple infections per participant.
12 infections among HIV-seronegative participants missing sexual activity data at the time of infection.
Compared to participants not using any method of hormonal contraception (i.e. used nothing, condoms, diaphragm, tubal ligation, spermicide or had a hysterectomy).
Vaginal washing data were available for 457 infections at the time of diagnosis. Missing values were imputed based on vaginal washing status at enrollment.
Nugent score 7–10. Data missing for 1 HIV-seronegative infection.
Nugent score 4–6. Data missing for 1 HIV-seronegative infection.
Defined as the presence of an average of ≥30 polymorphonuclear leukocytes per high-power field on microscopic examination of Gram-stained cervical secretions (original magnification X100). Data missing for 1 HIV-seronegative infection.
HIV-seropositive participants only. CD4 counts available for 260 infections within 6 months pre or post infection.