Table 2.
Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the association between sitting time, physical activity, and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD)*, stroke†, or total cardiovascular disease (CVD)‡
| Sitting Time (hours/day) | Physical Activity (MET-hour/week) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| ≤5 | 5.1–9.9 | ≥10 | P for trend | High (> 20) | Medium (8.4 – 20) | Low (1.8 – 8.3) | Inactive (≤ 1.7) | P for trend | |
| CHD* | |||||||||
| Cases | 902 | 1019 | 490 | 416 | 663 | 667 | 665 | ||
| Person-years | 319,776 | 331,577 | 153,884 | 204,913 | 235,822 | 197,848 | 166,654 | ||
| Age-adjusted | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.95, 1.13) | 1.28 (1.15,1.43) | <.001 | 1.00 | 1.30 (1.15,1.47) | 1.55 (1.37, 1.76) | 1.97 (1.74, 2.22) | <.001 |
| Multivariable-adjusted§ | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.94,1.12) | 1.18 (1.05,1.32) | 0.005 | 1.00 | 1.23 (1.09,1.39) | 1.36 (1.20,1.54) | 1.57 (1.38, 1.79) | <.001 |
| MV§ + BMI | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.92,1.11) | 1.14 (1.02,1.28) | 0.02 | 1.00 | 1.22 (1.08,1.38) | 1.32 (1.16, 1.50) | 1.49 (1.31, 1.70) | <.001 |
| MV§ + BMI, comorbidities¶ | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.92, 1.10) | 1.13 (1.01, 1.26) | 0.04 | 1.00 | 1.20 (1.06, 1.36) | 1.28 (1.13, 1.45) | 1.43 (1.25, 1.63) | <.001 |
|
| |||||||||
| Stroke† | |||||||||
| Cases | 763 | 876 | 411 | 399 | 561 | 563 | 527 | ||
| Person-years | 320,330 | 332,260 | 154,220 | 205,519 | 236,427 | 198,065 | 166,798 | ||
| Age-adjusted | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.95,1.16) | 1.28 (1.14,1.45) | <.001 | 1.00 | 1.14 (1.00,1.30) | 1.35 (1.19,1.54) | 1.61 (1.41, 1.83) | <.001 |
| Multivariable-adjusted§ | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.95,1.15) | 1.21 (1.07,1.37) | 0.003 | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.97,1.25) | 1.24 (1.08,1.41) | 1.39 (1.21, 1.59) | <.001 |
| MV§ + BMI | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.94,1.15) | 1.19 (1.05,1.35) | 0.006 | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.96,1.24) | 1.21 (1.06,1.39) | 1.35 (1.17, 1.55) | <.001 |
| MV§ + BMI, comorbidities¶ | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.94,1.14) | 1.18 (1.04,1.34) | 0.008 | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.95,1.23) | 1.19 (1.04,1.36) | 1.30 (1.13, 1.50) | <.001 |
|
| |||||||||
| Total CVD‡ | |||||||||
| Cases | 1581 | 1805 | 849 | 782 | 1161 | 1172 | 1120 | ||
| Person-years | 317,343 | 328,936 | 152,656 | 203,907 | 234,178 | 196,071 | 164,779 | ||
| Age-adjusted | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.98,1.12) | 1.27 (1.17,1.38) | <.001 | 1.00 | 1.21 (1.11,1.33) | 1.45 (1.33,1.59) | 1.77 (1.61, 1.94) | <.001 |
| Multivariable-adjusted§ | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.97,1.11) | 1.18 (1.09,1.29) | <.001 | 1.00 | 1.16 (1.06,1.27) | 1.30 (1.18,1.42) | 1.47 (1.33, 1.62) | <.001 |
| MV§ + BMI | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.96,1.10) | 1.16 (1.06,1.26) | 0.001 | 1.00 | 1.15 (1.05,1.26) | 1.26 (1.15,1.39) | 1.40 (1.27, 1.55) | <.001 |
| MV§ + BMI, comorbidities¶ | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.95, 1.09) | 1.15 (1.05, 1.25) | 0.002 | 1.00 | 1.13 (1.04, 1.24) | 1.23 (1.12, 1.35) | 1.35 (1.23, 1.49) | <.001 |
MET = metabolic equivalent task ; MV = multivariable ; BMI = body mass index.
CHD : Nonfatal myocardial infarction and fatal coronary heart disease
Stroke: Nonfatal and fatal stroke
CVD: Nonfatal MI, fatal CHD, nonfatal and fatal stroke
The multivariable model was stratified by age and includes sedentary time and physical activity simultaneously as well as race, education, income, marital status, smoking, family history of myocardial infarction, depression, alcohol intake, hours of sleep, intake of total calories, saturated fat, fiber
History of hypertension, diabetes, or high cholesterol at baseline