Table 4.
All cause and cause-specific mortality rate ratios for age at natural menopause by female hormone use (N=11,052)a. Black Women’s Health Study, 1995-2008
| Age at natural menopause, years |
All-cause mortality |
Cancer mortality |
Cardiovascular mortality |
Other-cause mortality |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person- years |
All Deaths |
Mulbivariable MRRb (95% CI) |
Deaths | Mulbivariable MRRb (95% CI) |
Deaths | Mulbivariable MRRb (95% CI) |
Deaths | Mulbivariable MRRb (95% CI) |
|
| Never used postmenopausal female hormones | |||||||||
| < 40 | 2,123 | 32 | 1.97 (1.30, 2.99) | 6 | 1.36 (0.58, 3.18) | 8 | 1.26 (0.56, 2.86) | 18 | 3.04 (1.62, 5.72) |
| 40-44 | 5,184 | 61 | 1.50 (1.08, 2.06) | 22 | 1.82 (1.04, 3.19) | 13 | 1.04 (0.54, 1.99) | 26 | 1.66 (0.99, 2.81) |
| 45-49 | 15,331 | 127 | 1.13 (0.88, 1.44) | 43 | 1.32 (0.86, 2.03) | 40 | 1.05 (0.67, 1.63) | 44 | 1.05 (0.69, 1.62) |
| 50-54 | 20,478 | 146 | 1.00 (ref.) | 47 | 1.00 (ref.) | 48 | 1.00 (ref.) | 51 | 1.00 (ref.) |
| ≥55 | 5,786 | 58 | 1.06 (0.77, 1.46) | 26 | 1.56 (0.91, 2.52) | 19 | 1.03 (0.59, 1.82) | 13 | 0.68 (0.36, 1.29) |
| P-value, test for trend | 0.002 | 0.41 | 0.72 | <0.001 | |||||
| Ever used postmenopausal female hormones | |||||||||
| < 40 | 3,578 | 17 | 1.00 (0.56, 1.79) | 7 | 1.38 (0.59, 3.23) | 6 | 1.22 (0.40, 3.78) | 4 | 0.71 (0.18, 2.72) |
| 40-44 | 5,342 | 32 | 1.15 (0.75, 1.75) | 12 | 1.05 (0.53, 2.06) | 10 | 1.80 (0.78, 4.18) | 10 | 1.08 (0.47, 2.52) |
| 45-49 | 13,529 | 61 | 0.79 (0.57, 1.11) | 24 | 0.67 (0.40, 1.12) | 16 | 1.03 (0.51, 2.10) | 21 | 0.92 (0.47, 1.80) |
| 50-54 | 15,117 | 102 | 1.00 (ref.) | 51 | 1.00 (ref.) | 22 | 1.00 (ref.) | 29 | 1.00 (ref.) |
| ≥55 | 3,911 | 36 | 1.00 (0.67, 1.50) | 17 | 1.01 (0.57, 1.83) | 9 | 0.85 (0.35, 2.10) | 10 | 1.09 (0.46, 2.59) |
| P-value, test for trend | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.29 | 0.68 | |||||
| P-value, test for interaction | <0.001 | 0.27 | 0.20 | <0.001 | |||||
MRR= mortality rate ratio; CI = confidence interval.
a
Excluded women with missing female hormone use (n=160); total deaths= 672.
b
Fully adjusted model, including age (1-year intervals), time period (2-year intervals), education years, marital status, BMI, smoking status, pack years of smoking, alcohol consumption, vigorous physical activity, vegetables/fruit dietary pattern, and meats/fried food dietary pattern, age at menarche, parity, age at first birth, oral contraceptive use, lactation, and unilateral oophorectomy.