Table 5.
All cause and cause-specific mortality rate ratios for age at natural menopause by cigarette smoking (N=11,200)a. Black Women’s Health Study, 1995-2008
| Age at natural menopause, years |
All-cause mortality |
Cancer mortality |
Cardiovascular mortality |
Other-cause mortality |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person- years |
All Deaths |
Mulbivariable MRRb (95% CI) |
Deaths | Mulbivariable MRRb (95% CI) |
Deaths | Mulbivariable MRRb (95% CI) |
Deaths | Multivariable MRRb (95% CI) |
|
| Never smoker | |||||||||
| < 40 | 2,972 | 16 | 1.38 (0.72, 2.63) | 3 | 1.16 (0.30, 4.47) | 6 | 1.20 (0.39, 3.75) | 7 | 1.98 (0.71, 5.53) |
| 40-44 | 4,889 | 18 | 0.91 (0.51, 1.50) | 2 | 0.28 (0.06, 1.25) | 8 | 1.39 (0.57, 3.40) | 8 | 1.02 (0.43, 2.45) |
| 45-49 | 13,881 | 71 | 1.32 (0.95, 1.82) | 30 | 1.63 (0.98, 2.69) | 22 | 1.60 (0.84, 3.06) | 19 | 0.96 (0.53, 1.75) |
| 50-54 | 18,816 | 90 | 1.00 (ref) | 36 | 1.00 (ref) | 21 | 1.00 (ref) | 33 | 1.00 (ref) |
| ≥55 | 5,471 | 47 | 1.02 (0.73, 1.56) | 20 | 1.31 (0.72, 2.36) | 17 | 1.08 (0.52, 2.78) | 10 | 0.72 (0.34, 1.55) |
| P-value, test for trend | 0.48 | 0.73 | 0.41 | 0.22 | |||||
| Ever smoker | |||||||||
| < 40 | 2,846 | 34 | 1.38 (0.93, 2.06) | 10 | 1.25 (0.63, 2.47) | 9 | 1.20 (0.56, 2.60) | 15 | 1.69 (0.86, 3.29) |
| 40-44 | 5,733 | 77 | 1.54 (1.14, 2.04) | 33 | 1.83 (1.16, 2.89) | 16 | 1.01 (0.56, 1.83) | 28 | 1.61 (0.97, 2.67) |
| 45-49 | 15,395 | 125 | 0.95 (0.75, 1.21) | 38 | 0.81 (0.54, 1.23) | 38 | 0.91 (0.58, 1.42) | 49 | 1.15 (0.76, 1.75) |
| 50-54 | 17,268 | 163 | 1.00 (ref.) | 64 | 1.00 (ref) | 49 | 1.00 (ref) | 50 | 1.00 (ref) |
| ≥55 | 4,450 | 50 | 0.94 (0.68, 1.31) | 24 | 1.11 (0.69, 1.81) | 13 | 0.75 (0.40, 1.42) | 13 | 0.91 (0.48, 1.71) |
| P-value, test for trend | 0.02 | 0.23 | 0.46 | 0.03 | |||||
| P-value, test for interaction | 0.07 | 0.005 | 0.51 | 0.24 | |||||
MRR= mortality rate ratio; CI = confidence interval.
a
Excluded women with missing smoking history (n=12), total deaths=691.
b
Fully adjusted model, including age (1-year intervals), time period (2-year intervals), education years, marital status, BMI, smoking status, pack years of smoking, alcohol consumption, vigorous physical activity, vegetables/fruit dietary pattern, and meats/fried food dietary pattern, age at menarche, parity, age at first birth, oral contraceptive use, lactation, and unilateral oophorectomy.