Table 4.
Results of growth factors and cytokines
| Nonobese controls (LC) |
Nonobese DM patients (LD) |
Obese controls (OC) |
Obese DM patients (OD) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Platelet-derived growth factor AA (PDGF-AA) (ng/ml)* | 23.5 (16.5: 28.7) | 12.6 (8.2: 26.0) | 13.5 (7.6: 26.6) | 18.3 (10.5: 30.8) |
| Epidermal growth factor (EGF) (pg/ml) | 54 (21: 100) | 43 (28: 103) | 80 (49:129) | 46 (27: 75) |
| Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) (pg/ml) | 47 (33: 76) | 37 (22: 55) | 42 (30: 59) | 40 (28: 63) |
| Transforming growth factor–α (TGF–α) (pg/ml) | 14 (9: 52) | 12 (5: 34) | 12 (4: 30) | 12 (8: 23) |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (pg/ml)¶ | 88 (37: 280) | 165 (59: 224) | 239 (124: 457) | 139 (64: 290) |
| Insulin (pg/ml)† | 341 (176: 397) | 268 (142: 598) | 661 (465: 892) | 560 (270: 920) |
| Leptin (ng/ml)§ | 3.7 (0.9: 9.2) | 3.4 (1.4: 8.8) | 37.1 (18.8: 52.4) | 21.2 (9.8: 36.2) |
| Adiponectin (μg/ml)‡ | 16.6 (9.4: 22.8) | 18.2 (10.5: 24.5) | 11.5 (2.9: 15.1) | 14.8 (9.2: 19.9) |
| Osteoprotegerin (OPG) (pg/ml)# | 378 (218: 517) | 362 (252: 615) | 355 (250: 477) | 495 (277: 651) |
| Osteopontin (OPN) (ng/ml)** | 1.6 (0.8: 2.4) | 1.6 (0.8: 3.3) | 3.1 (1.8: 5.9) | 1.8 (1.0: 3.6) |
| Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (pg/ml) | 14.0 (7.4: 22) | 16.6 (10.0: 23.2) | 14.8 (6.7: 30.7) | 19.6 (13.4: 27.9) |
| Interleukin-6 (IL-6) (pg/ml) | 10.8 (6.9: 24.4) | 15.2 (9.2: 37.7) | 22.6 (7: 113) | 11.3 (7.5: 28.2) |
| Interleukin-8 (IL-8) (pg/ml) | 16.2 (7: 46.3) | 16.9 (8.3: 31.4) | 20.1 (9.3: 42.9) | 17.9 (8.9: 42.5) |
| Growth-regulated oncogene (GRO) (ng/ml)¶¶ | 1.4 (1.0: 1.8) | 1.2 (0.9: 1.6) | 1.0 (0.8: 1.5) | 1.3 (1.0: 1.8) |
| Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (IP-10) (pg/ml)†† | 187 (121: 281) | 128 (80: 184) | 202 (145: 251) | 138 (98: 193) |
| Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) (pg/ml) | 571 (394: 761) | 529 (265: 745) | 519 (306: 726) | 537 (337: 748) |
| Macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) (ng/ml)§§ | 1.5 (1.2: 2.0) | 1.5 (1.1: 2.2) | 2.3 (1.4: 2.7) | 1.8 (1.2: 2.3) |
| Tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF–α) (pg/ml)‡‡ | 5.3 (3.5: 6.9) | 5.4 (3.0: 7.2) | 4.7 (3.3: 7.0) | 6.8 (4.2: 9.3) |
| C-reactive protein (CRP) (μg/ml)## | 2.7 (1.2: 5.5) | 2.6 (1.1: 9.6) | 6.7 (2.5: 21.3) | 9.8 (2.2: 40.7) |
| Soluble E-selectin (ng/ml) | 19 (12: 28) | 22 (15: 30) | 21 (13: 44) | 24 (17: 36) |
| Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1) (ng/ml)*** | 75 (66: 107) | 94 (62:150) | 104 (55: 172) | 107 (80: 148) |
| Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM-1) (ng/ml) | 803 (651: 989) | 903 (553: 1,195) | 742 (246: 1,088) | 855 (626: 1,080) |
Median, (first: third quartiles).
*
LC vs. LD, OC and LD vs. OD, P < 0.01;
¶
LC, LD, OD vs. OC, P < 0.05;
†
LC, LD vs. OC, OD, P < 0.0001;
§
LC, LD vs. OC, OD and OC vs. OD, P < 0.0001;
‡
LC vs. OC and LD vs. OC, OD, P < 0.0001;
#
LC, OC vs. OD, P = 0.053;
**
LC, LD, OD vs. OC, P < 0.05;
¶¶
LC, OD vs. OC, P < 0.05;
††
LC, OC vs. LD, OD, P < 0.0001;
§§
LC, LD vs. OC, P < 0.01;
‡‡
LC, LD, OC vs. OD, P < 0.02;
##
LC, LD vs. OC, OD, P < 0.0001;
***
LC vs. LD, OC, OD, P < 0.05.