Figure 3.
Events in plants after feeding by insect herbivores. Changes in the transmembrane potential (Vm) appear immediately upon herbivory damage and are tightly followed by changes in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and generation of H2O2. Kinases and the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) are detectable within minutes. After roughly 1 h, gene activation followed by metabolic changes is seen (Adapted from [44]).