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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pharmacotherapy. 2013 Apr 26;33(6):615–626. doi: 10.1002/phar.1272

Table 1.

Baseline demographic features, disease characteristics, and outcomes

Statin users (n = 13626) Non-users (n = 32623) p-value
Age in years: mean ± SD 60.4 ±12.3 44.8 ± 11.3 < 0.0001
Male gender: n (%) 7947 (58.3) 14263 (43.7) < 0.0001
Comorbidities in baseline period:
Acute myocardial infarction*: n (%) 797 (5.8) 120 (0.4) < 0.0001
Congestive heart failure*: n (%) 746 (5.5) 163 (0.5) < 0.0001
Peripheral vascular disease*: n (%) 859 (6.3) 189 (0.6) < 0.0001
Cerebrovascular disease*: n (%) 553 (4) 226 (0.7) < 0.0001
Dementia*: n (%) 58 (0.4) 44 (0.1) < 0.0001
Chronic obstructive lung disease*: n (%) 2065 (15.2) 2464 (7.6) < 0.0001
Rheumatologic diseases*: n (%) 290 (2.1) 471 (1.4) < 0.0001
Peptic ulcer disease*: n (%) 220 (1.6) 263 (0.8) < 0.0001
Mild liver disease*: n (%) 48 (0.4) 117 (0.4) 0.5
Diabetes mellitus*: n (%) 4386 (32.2) 858 (2.6) < 0.0001
Diabetes mellitus with complications*: n (%) 1663 (12.2) 178 (0.5) < 0.0001
Hemiplegia/paraplegia*: n (%) 49 (0.4) 27 (0.1) < 0.0001
Renal disease*: n (%) 471 (3.5) 117 (0.4) < 0.0001
Malignancy*: n (%) 1010 (7.4) 1101 (3.4) < 0.0001
Liver disease (moderate/severe)*: n (%) 8 (0.1) 41 (0.1) 0.03
Metastatic neoplasm*: n (%) 48 (0.4) 95 (0.3) 0.17
HIV *: n (%) 13 (0.1) 39 (0.1) 0.3
Charlson Comorbidity total score: mean ±SD 1.2 ±1.6 0.3 ±0.8 < 0.0001
Psychological disorders at baseline **: n (%) 2168 (15.9) 3762 (11.5) < 0.0001
Illicit drug use: n (%) 20 (0.1) 62 (0.2) 0.35
Alcohol abuse/dependence: n (%) 133 (1) 237 (0.7) .007
Smoking: n (%) 1226 (9.0) 1903 (5.8) < 0.0001
Obesity: n (%) 2396 (17.6) 3259 (10.0) < 0.0001
Vision defects/blindness 6247 (45.8) 13318 (40.8) < 0.0001
Mean HDL-C in baseline period: mean ± SD 52.5 ±14.5 58.5 ±17.8 < 0.0001
Mean HDL-C in follow-up period : mean ± SD 51.1 ±13.6 57 ±16.5 < 0.0001
Mean LDL-C in baseline period: mean ± SD 105.1 ±33.9 111 ±27.9 < 0.0001
Mean LDL-C in follow-up period: mean ± SD 98 ±31.3 112.5 ±27.4 < 0.0001
Mean TG in baseline period: mean ± SD 156.2 ±97.6 120.1±84.2 < 0.0001
Mean TG in follow-up period: mean ± SD 143.3 ±78.7 114.7 ±74 < 0.0001
Number of outpatient medical encounters during baseline period: mean ± SD 40.9 ±44.7 23 ±31.8 < 0.0001
Number of inpatient admissions during baseline period: mean ± SD 0.44 ±1.0 0.18 ±0.6 < 0.0001
Number of outpatient medical encounters during follow-up period: mean ± SD 118.8 ±149 63.5 ±79 < 0.0001
Number of inpatient admissions during follow-up period: mean ± SD 2.87 ±3.06 1.87 ± 1.94 < 0.0001
Medications:
Beta-blocker: n (%) 3911 (28.7) 2167 (6.6) < 0.0001
Diuretic: n (%) 5117 (37.6) 3405 (10.4) < 0.0001
Calcium channel Blocker: n (%) 3514 (25.8) 1643 (5.0) < 0.0001
Non-statin lipid lowering drugs: n (%) 2321 (17.0) 573 (1.8) < 0.0001
ACE/ARB: n (%) 7982 (58.6) 3466 (10.6) < 0.0001
Oral Hypoglycemic: n (%) 2820 (20.7) 383 (1.2) < 0.0001
Cytochrome p 450: n (%) 1464 (10.7) 1404 (4.3) < 0.0001
Aspirin: n (%) 7274 (53.4) 2659 (8.2) < 0.0001
NSAID: n (%) 7568 (55.5) 20136(61.7) < 0.0001
SSRI: n (%) 2513 (18.4) 4301 (13.2) < 0.0001
Systemic corticosteroid: n (%) 532 (3.9) 1369 (4.2) 0.08
Antipsychotic: n (%) 180 (1.3) 322 (1.0) 0.002
Sedatives: n (%) 2862 (21.0) 5430(16.6) < 0.0001
Tricyclic antidepressants: n (%) 35 (0.3) 58 (0.2) 0.09
Outcomes

Psych1 (schizophrenia/other psychosis): n (%) 767 (1.7) 533 (1.2) < 0.0001

Psych2 (depression / bipolar disorder): n (%) 3105 (6.7) 6375 (13.8) < 0.0001

Psych3 (all psychological disorders): n (%) 11933 (25.8) 5691 (12.3) < 0.0001

ACE/ARB: Angiotensin-receptor blockers & angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; Cytochrome p 450: medications that inhibit the Cytochrome p450 system as identified in a recent FDA warning;29 HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol in mg/dL; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in mg/dL; NSAID: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; SSRI: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; SSRI: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; TG: Triglycerides in mg/dL.

*

Diagnosis is based on ICD-9-CM codes as identified in Deyo method for applying the Charlson comorbidity score.28

**

Definition is detailed in Appendix 1.

Lipid measurements represent the mean value for each patient throughout the baseline or follow-up periods; these laboratory measurements were missing in 8647–7520 patients in statin-users and 26546 – 18619 patients in the non-users.