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The composition of semisolid propolis preparations after optimization.
| Excipient | Ointment (%) |
W/O cream (%) |
Hydrogel (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vaseline, white | 68.4 | — | — |
| Lanolin, anhydrous | 13.6 | — | — |
| Glycerol | 15 | — | — |
| Soft propolis extract | 3 | 3 | — |
| Pionier PLW | — | 50 | — |
| Span 80 | — | 7 | — |
| Purified water | — | 40 | 8.5 |
| Poloxamer 407 | — | — | 20 |
| Sodium carboxymethylcellulose | — | — | 1.5 |
| Aqueous propolis extract | — | — | 70 |
|
| |||
| Dynamic viscosity (Pa · s) | 1.95 ± 0.10 | 2.68 ± 0.04 | 7.83 ± 0.05 |
