Table 1.
Infectious | Acute OM |
Chronic OM | |
Cholesteatoma | |
Herpes zoster oticus | |
Lyme disease | |
| |
Traumatic | Temporal bone fracture |
Iatrogenic injury | |
Avulsion at brainstem | |
Penetrating trauma | |
| |
Neoplastic | Facial schwannoma |
Vestibular schwannoma | |
Hemangioma | |
Lipoma | |
Glomus tumors | |
Malignancy of skin/parotid | |
| |
Congenital | Moebius syndrome |
Displacement (atresia) | |
Aural atresia | |
CHARGE syndrome | |
Dehiscence of FC | |
| |
Vascular | MCA infarct |
Pontine artery infarct | |
Lacunar infarct | |
| |
Idiopathic | Bell's palsy |
Multiple sclerosis | |
Sarcoidosis | |
| |
Inflammatory | Guillain-Barre |
OM: otitis media; FC: fallopian canal; and MCA: middle cerebral artery.