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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jun 9.
Published in final edited form as: Langmuir. 2008 May 30;24(13):6837–6844. doi: 10.1021/la800231e

Figure 1.

Figure 1

“Switching” fouling properties of ITO electrodes in order to exercise spatial and temporal control of cell attachment. Step 1: Glass substrates with microfabricated ITO electrodes are modified with PEG-terminated tricholorosilane which renders ITO and glass regions of the substrate nonfouling. Step 2: Applying reductive potential (−1.4 V vs Ag/AgCl reference for 60 s) to the desired electrode leads to desorption of the PEG silane layer while unactivated ITO regions and glass domains retain PEG molecules. Step 3: Upon exposure to the substrate, cells attach selectively to an activated electrode 1 and are not able to adhere to glass regions or unactivated ITO electrode 2. Step 4: Upon assembly of a cell type 1 onto an electrode 1, electrode 2 is activated by applying negative potential, and cells of type 2 may be seeded onto the same surface.