Table 3.
Results from logistic regression stratified by alcohol consumption
| Risk Factor | Non drinker | ≤ two drinks per day |
> two drinks per day |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. cases/controls |
OR (95% CI) | P-value | No. cases/controls |
OR (95% CI) | P-value | No. cases/controls |
OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Periodontal diseasea | |||||||||
| Never | 32/69 | Ref. | 160/260 | Ref. | 134/83 | Ref. | |||
| Ever | 17/16 | 1.26 (1.04, 1.53) | 0.02 | 90/100 | 1.09 (1.01, 1.19) | 0.04 | 60/32 | 1.06 (0.94, 1.19) | 0.34 |
| Mouthwash frequencyb | |||||||||
| Never | 12/19 | Ref. | 47/82 | Ref. | 34/32 | Ref. | |||
| Sometimes | 16/42 | 0.91 (0.74, 1.13) | 0.40 | 108/171 | 1.02 (0.92, 1.13) | 0.76 | 79/42 | 1.15 (0.99, 1.32) | 0.06 |
| At least once per day | 20/25 | 1.08 (0.87, 1.34) | 0.50 | 95/107 | 1.12 (1.01, 1.25) | 0.04 | 78/42 | 1.14 (0.99, 1.32) | 0.06 |
| Mouthwash use by alcohol contentb | |||||||||
| Rarely or never | 24/45 | Ref. | 112/187 | Ref. | 81/55 | Ref. | |||
| Non-alcoholic | 4/2 | 1.38 (0.92, 2.08) | 0.11 | 11/12 | 1.12 (0.91, 1.38) | 0.29 | 9/1 | 1.34 (0.99, 1.82) | 0.06 |
| Alcoholic | 21/39 | 1.00 (0.84, 1.18) | 0.97 | 127/163 | 1.07 (0.99, 1.16) | 0.09 | 60/103 | 1.05 (0.95, 1.17) | 0.33 |
| Mouthwash use by alcohol and frequencyb |
|||||||||
| Low or no alcohol infrequently | 11/21 | Ref. | 48/89 | Ref. | 33/32 | Ref. | |||
| Low or no alcohol frequently | 3/2 | 1.32 (0.84, 2.06) | 0.04 | 12/10 | 1.20 (0.96, 1.50) | 0.10 | 7/2 | 1.27 (0.91, 1.77) | 0.16 |
| High alcohol infrequently | 8/25 | 0.92 (0.73, 1.16) | 0.18 | 70/108 | 1.04 (0.94, 1.16) | 0.44 | 54/28 | 1.15 (0.98, 1.35) | 0.08 |
| High alcohol frequently | 15/29 | 0.98 (0.79, 1.21) | 0.18 | 92/123 | 1.07 (0.97, 1.19) | 0.19 | 82/47 | 1.14 (0.99, 1.31) | 0.07 |
| Fluoride useb | |||||||||
| No | 34/67 | Ref. | 195/295 | Ref. | 158/91 | Ref. | |||
| Yes | 19/16 | 1.13 (0.94, 1.37) | 0.19 | 54/66 | 1.07 (0.97, 1.18) | 0.17 | 36/25 | 0.97 (0.85, 1.11) | 0.70 |
| Dental insurance for the majority of lifeb | |||||||||
| No | 27/44 | Ref. | 105/149 | Ref. | 95/47 | Ref. | |||
| Yes | 22/42 | 0.93 (0.78, 1.11) | 0.42 | 146/211 | 0.97 (0.89, 1.06) | 0.55 | 100/67 | 0.96 (0.86, 1.07) | 0.48 |
| Dental visit frequencyb | |||||||||
| Less than every year | 15/20 | Ref. | 53/80 | Ref. | 81/31 | Ref. | |||
| At least once a year | 34/65 | 0.95 (0.77, 1.16) | 0.61 | 199/281 | 1.02 (0.92, 1.13) | 0.72 | 114/84 | 0.92 (0.81, 1.04) | 0.17 |
a
Adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking, alcohol consumption, education and annual household income
b
Adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking, alcohol consumption, education, annual household income, and history of periodontal disease