FIGURE 5.

SIV/M. tuberculosis coincubated monocytes produce more IL-5 and IL-13 than do monocytes infected with only M. tuberculosis. (A) M. tuberculosis and SIV coinfection (Mtb+SIV) reduces TNF and IL-1β and increases IL-5 and IL-13 production relative to M. tuberculosis–infected monocytes (Mtb). SIV alone (SIV) decreases IL-1β and increases IL-5 and IL-13 production relative to monocytes incubated in media alone (Media). M. tuberculosis (Mtb) increased TNF and IL-1β production compared with monocytes incubated with media alone (Media). Open ellipse and bracket to the left and right of the line graphs represent mean ± SEM; p values indicating statistical significance are indicated (n = 10 animals). (B) Purity of the CD14 monocyte separation from PBMCs is represented. CD3 T cell and CD14 monocyte frequencies out of total event populations are presented. IL-5 production in both CD3 T cells and CD14 monocytes are presented in a histogram from monocytes incubated with or without SIV. Images are representative of four separate experiments. (C) RT-PCR was used to generate IL-5 (249 bp) or β-actin (174 bp) mRNA from monocytes incubated with media, M. tuberculosis, SIV, or both M. tuberculosis and SIV. This experiment is representative of four different macaques. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test