Table 2.
Therapists' and Clients' Means, Standard Deviations, Internal Consistency Reliabilities (Coefficient Alpha), and Previous Studies' Range of Means and Standard Deviations for Session Evaluation Questionnaire (SEQ) Indexes and the Agnew Relationship Measure (ARM-12) Indexes
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Means of previous studiesa |
Standard deviations of previous studiesa |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Index | No. items | Alpha | M | SD | Median | Range | Median | Range |
| Therapist | ||||||||
| SEQ | ||||||||
| Depth | 5 | 0.88 | 5.31 | 0.96 | 4.80 | 4.25–5.10 | 1.01 | 0.41–1.08 |
| Smoothness | 5 | 0.92 | 5.09 | 1.36 | 4.20 | 3.86–4.52 | 1.03 | 0.56–1.20 |
| Positivity | 5 | 0.85 | 5.49 | 1.03 | 4.59 | 4.38–5.16 | 0.93 | 0.49–1.01 |
| Arousal | 5 | 0.45 | 4.05 | 0.75 | 4.43 | 4.18–4.58 | 0.96 | 0.80–1.05 |
| ARM | ||||||||
| Bond | 3 | 0.57 | 6.07 | 0.96 | — | — | — | — |
| Partnership | 3 | 0.51 | 5.88 | 1.07 | — | — | — | — |
| Confidence | 3 | 0.77 | 6.00 | 0.89 | 5.14 | 4.85–5.31 | 0.94 | 0.85–0.98 |
| Openness | 3 | 0.63 | 5.19 | 1.30 | 4.94 | 4.70–5.70 | 1.17 | 0.95–1.33 |
| Bond/Partb | 6 | 0.72 | 5.98 | 0.91 | 5.51 | 5.24–5.89 | 0.91 | 0.80–1.01 |
| Overall | 12 | 0.80 | 5.79 | 0.79 | — | — | — | — |
| Client | ||||||||
| SEQ | ||||||||
| Depth | 5 | 0.94 | 5.51 | 1.54 | 5.20 | 4.65–5.85 | 0.85 | 0.58–1.29 |
| Smoothness | 5 | 0.92 | 4.83 | 1.69 | 4.35 | 4.13–5.28 | 1.30 | 0.76–1.47 |
| Positivity | 5 | 0.92 | 5.03 | 1.72 | 4.62 | 4.38–4.88 | 0.86 | 0.70–1.44 |
| Arousal | 5 | 0.46 | 4.20 | 0.96 | 4.22 | 4.12–4.40 | 0.92 | 0.64–1.28 |
| ARM | ||||||||
| Bond | 3 | 0.86 | 6.28 | 1.22 | — | — | — | — |
| Partnership | 3 | 0.71 | 5.96 | 1.32 | — | — | — | — |
| Confidence | 3 | 0.83 | 6.43 | 1.01 | 5.86 | 5.74–6.29 | 0.95 | 0.85–.0.98 |
| Openness | 3 | 0.64 | 5.26 | 1.55 | 5.49 | 5.39–5.75 | 1.24 | 1.05–1.39 |
| Bond/Partb | 6 | 0.86 | 6.12 | 1.17 | 6.01 | 5.88–6.43 | 0.94 | 0.79–0.98 |
| Overall | 12 | 0.86 | 5.98 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — |
N=394 weeks of exchanges for therapists and N=475 weeks of exchanges for clients. Indices were calculated as the mean of therapists' and clients' ratings on constituent items. SEQ and ARM items could range from 1 to 7. Alpha=internal consistency measured by the coefficient alpha.
The means are from prior studies of the SEQ (Cummings et al16; Dill-Standiford et al.40; Kivlighan et al.41; Nocita and Stiles42; Reynolds et al.43; Stiles et al.6; Stiles et al.15; Stiles and Snow33; Tryon44) and ARM (Agnew-Davies et al.25; Stiles et al.45; Stiles et al.24).
The Bond and Partnership indexes were highly correlated with each other, so we combined them, yielding a single core alliance index (following Stiles et al.45), which had a higher internal consistency reliability than either one alone.