A representation of a posterior view of flattened human cerebellar cortex, vermis and deep nuclei shown in the coronal plane. Areas for which there is consistent evidence of involvement in higher cognitive functions, including executive control, memory processes, and language, are highlighted in dark gray and black. This includes posterior lobules VI-VII/Crus I–II which are separated from anterior lobules I–V by the primary fissure. Lighter shaded lobules (I-V and VIII) are dedicated to skeletomotor and oculomotor control, although it should be noted that motor control pathways have been documented throughout the cerebellum including posterior lobules, lobule IX and the flocculus-nodulus. Posterior vermian lobules VI-VII and their connections with caudal fastigial nuclei modulate conjugate eye movements. More inferior vermian lobules serve as termination sites of spinocerebellar pathways involved in proprioception and, in conjunction with the flocculus-nodulus, they organize vestibular control. The vermis also has been implicated in affect regulation [192]. Motor pathways synapse in caudal fastigial nuclei, interpositus nuclei, and dorsal segments of dentate nuclei. Cognitive systems involve ventrolateral cells within dentate nuclei. VIIAf: folium of vermis; VIIAt: tuber of vermis.